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Understanding Small Lakes, Ponds, and Their Sediment Dynamics

Small ponds are vital components of limnetic environments, typically forming in low-lying depressions. They accumulate both organic and mineral sediments, fostering diverse aquatic life. Submerged macrophytes play a crucial role by sequestering nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, providing habitats for zooplankton, and competing with phytoplankton. Moreover, sediment components, including organics, minerals, and biogenics, significantly influence the ecosystem's health. Temporary pools and streams also contribute to the complexity of aquatic habitats and their sediment characteristics.

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Understanding Small Lakes, Ponds, and Their Sediment Dynamics

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  1. SMALL LAKES, PONDS, & SEDIMENTS

  2. Small Ponds • Most common form of limnetic environment • Usually in depressions in lowland areas • Tend to accumulate organic and mineral sediments

  3. Shallow lakes also tend to be dominated by macrophytes • Submerged macrophytes become established in water that is protected

  4. Submerged Macrophytes and Phytoplankton • Macrophytes dominate by • Sequestering nitrogen and phosphorus • Providing refugia for large zooplankton that feed on phytoplankton • Providing large surface area for growth of periphyton, which competes with phytoplankton • Releasing compounds that inhibit growth of phytoplankton • Causing large fluctuations in daily oxygen, pH, etc.

  5. Submerged Macrophytes and Phytoplankton • Phytoplankters dominate by • Shading out submerged macrophytes, especially in conditions of high nutrient loading • Surviving in conditions of high turbidity • Thriving in conditions of the absence of refugia for zooplankton; situations which usually support sight-feeding fish

  6. Temporary Pools

  7. Temporary Streams

  8. Components of Sediments • Organics • Particulate minerals (e.g. carbonates, clays, and silicates) • Inorganics of biogenic origin (frustules, scales, calcium carbonate)

  9. Humus

  10. Dy • Pronounced dee • Slightly acidic with unsaturated colloids • Soft and brown • >50% organic • If C:N ratio > 10, it is acid and sediment is dy

  11. Gyttja • Pronounced yit-ya • Neutral • Soft, gray-green to black • <50% organic • If C:N ratio <10 humus is neutral and sediment is gyttja

  12. Humics from littoral and wetland floras • Lignins degrade to humic compounds • Heavily lignified emergent flora make more humics • If alkaline, sapropel • See Table 21-1

  13. Decomposition rates in sediments Carbohydrates-amino acids-amino sugars > Humic compounds > Lipids

  14. autolysis most bacterial decay

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