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Chapter 11.1 . War of 1812 caused following economic changes in America: 1.Naval blockade kept imports from America 2.Americans began to manufacture their own goods. 3.Stopped spending money exclusively on shipping and trade. 4.Americans began to build their own factories . Chapter 11.1 .
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Chapter 11.1 War of 1812 caused following economic changes in America: 1.Naval blockade kept imports from America 2.Americans began to manufacture their own goods. 3.Stopped spending money exclusively on shipping and trade. 4.Americans began to build their own factories.
Chapter 11.1 Industrial Revolution - Where factory machines replaced hand tools and large scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work Factory System: 3 Key Points Brought many workers and machines together People left farms and moved to cities Worked for set wages/schedule
Chapter 11.1 Six major inventions enhanced the Industrial Revolution. 1. Interchangeable Parts-parts are exactly alike made repairs easier leading to using low-wage workers 2. Steamboats –could move against the current or a strong wind-launched new era of trade and transportation 3. Telegraph – it took only seconds to communicate 4. Lightweight plow – made preparing ground much easier and led to more farmers moving to the Midwest 5. Mechanical Reaper. Improved the cutting of ripe grain 6. Threshing machine. Separated kernels of wheat from husks
11.1 North was ideal place to start factories because: 1. Factories needed water power and NE had a lot of fast-moving rivers 2. Ships had access to the Atlantic Ocean (easy to move goods, thus trade improved) 3. Willing labor force (subsistence farming was growing tiresome) How did new technologies contribute to national unity? 1.Midwest: grew food for Northeastern factory workers 2.Northeast: Supplied manufactured goods to Midwestern farmers. 3. South: provided cotton for Northern factories.
11.2 Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin – which made the cotton cleaning process more efficient (50 times more). This led to: Farmers moving westward – Stretched all the way to Texas Cotton was valuable so farmers grew more cotton rather than any other crop. This dramatically increased cotton exports – fueling trade Down in the south, the drive westward saw cotton farms displacing Native Americans Growing cotton required a large workforce – so slavery continued to be an important source of labor
11.2 Why did slavery expand in the South? Increase in cotton production. From approximately 100,000 bales of cotton in 1800 to almost 4 million bales by 1840 Slavery ownership in the South: 33% of southerners owned slaves 10% of the 33% owned large plantations Labor was pathway to increased production of cotton. The more slaves you owned, the more cotton produced, the money you made
11.2 Slavery population in the South in 1840: 33% of the southern population were slaves Half of this 33% worked on large plantations 8% were free black men Describe the hardships of African American families under slavery. 1) Slaves were tortured, beaten and murdered 2) Families were separated, 3) Enslaved people often ran away to see family members they were separated from. 4)Marriages were not recognized legally.
11.2 last slide Nat Turner rebelled with 70 other slaves and killed 55 white men, women and children. Turner proclaimed it was not a rebellion of robbery but one for freedom. Turner was captured, tried and hanged. Result: Grip of slavery grew even tighter in the south Tension over slavery between South and North increased. Note: 1808 – Congress passed after much debate a ban on importing slaves from Africa. This increased the price of slaves already in America and marked a time when there was a clear and visible split in ideology between the North and the South over the issue of slavery
11.3 Nationalism – feelings of pride in your country Sectionalism – feelings of pride in your region over country American Plan – a plan devised by President Madison (An Anti-federalist) to make America economically self-sufficient. Three main parts: Est. a protective tariff – tax imported goods, making them more expensive than American goods Est. a national bank – to promote a single currency (most regions issued their own money) Improve the country’s transportation system – improve roads, link roads to canals
11.3 cont Era of good feelings – people started to move their loyalties from state to national government. Two Supreme Court decisions reflected growing strength of the federal government (against the writers of the Constitution who still wanted a weak – but effective- national government): McCulloch vs Maryland (1819) state of Maryland wanted to tax national bank branch in their state. This would allow states to have power over the national bank. John Marshall and court upheld federal authority by ruling that a state could not tax a national bank Gibbons vs Ogden (1824) – Two steamship operators fought over shipping rights on the Hudson River (separated New York and New Jersey). Court ruled interstate commerce could be regulated only by federal government
11.3 cont National Boundaries: Rush-Bagot Treaty - England and U.S. agreed to limit naval actions on Great Lakes, and set the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border. Spain-U.S. tensions- They disagreed on Louisiana Purchase boundaries and West Florida boundaries. Pirates and Native Americans. Used western Florida (under Spanish control) as a refuge and launched raids on Georgia. Andrew Jackson – as directed by President Monroe – took possession of Western Florida and would withdraw only if Spain agreed to police area or cede it to U.S. Adams-Onis Treaty – Spain handed Florida to U.S. and gave up claims to Oregon Territory
11.3 cont South developing into agricultural based economy. North into manufacturing based economy. As we expanded westward these economies were often in conflict. Missouri became a battleground when it applied for statehood. Northerners wanted Missouri to enter the union as a free (non-slave) state, south wanted them to enter as a slave state. Reason this state became a battleground issue for slavery: At this point there were 22 states (11 free states, 11 slave states). There was a concern on both sides as to the balance of power in Congress.
11.3 cont Missouri Compromise – Henry Clay (Sec. of State) proposed: Missouri enter as slave state. Maine breaks away from Massachusetts and forms it’s own state and enters the union as a free state This would keep the balance of power in the Senate even Missouri Compromise passed and allowed both states to enter. Key provision: Louisiana territory north of the 36 degrees longitude, and west of 30 degree latitude was banned from having states enter as slave states.
11.3 cont Monroe Doctrine – President Monroe issued a statement that declared the Americas were closed to further colonization. In short – America was in charge of the western hemisphere. Important – that this statement included: America will stay out of European Affairs. Meaning it was a two way street. This established an isolation policy for America that we continually use when we need or want to invoke.
