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Blending Methods

Blending Methods. Introduction . Number of techniques Accuracy Cost Availability We will cover Real v Ideal Gases Methods of mixing Comparison. Real v Ideal. Different densities Compression easier with low density Real Gas – different density Ideal Gas – same density

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Blending Methods

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  1. Blending Methods

  2. Introduction • Number of techniques • Accuracy • Cost • Availability • We will cover • Real v Ideal Gases • Methods of mixing • Comparison

  3. Real v Ideal • Different densities • Compression easier with low density • Real Gas – different density • Ideal Gas – same density Blending methods: • Real – calculate densities • Ideal • Used for Nitrox up to 40% • In line analysing

  4. Methods of Blending • Methods of mixing: • Partial pressure • Continuous • Weight • Separation • Premix • COMPRESSOR • Use recommended • Maintain oxygen service

  5. Partial Pressure • Ease of use • Risk • Equipment • Based on proportion of gas • Decanting • Topping up

  6. Decanting • Oxygen cylinder • Decanting whip • Dive cylinder • Valves – non return • Sequence of opening • Fill rate – slowly 5 – 7 bar per minute • Top off with air – good practice

  7. Decanting Decanting Whip

  8. Decanting Oxygen pressure gauge

  9. Decanting Opening supply cylinder valve

  10. Partial pressure • Equipment in oxygen service • Slow process • Hazards • Standing time • Adequate mixing of gases Automated Partial Pressure Mixing • Fully automated • Removes human error

  11. Partial pressure Automated system and control panel

  12. Continuous Blending • Blend before compressor • Oil free compressor • Oxygen compatible lubricants • Analyse before compression UNDER 40% ONLY • Adjust intake of oxygen • Hazards

  13. Continuous Blending • Large quantities gas • Mixes up to 40% • Not need oxygen service equipment • Mixes >40%: • Use partial pressure + continuous blending • Observe oxygen clean & compatible

  14. Booster Pumps

  15. Mixing by Weight • Can be very accurate • Dependant on scales • Gases weighed • Cylinders weighed • Expensive • Hazards

  16. Gas Separation • Separates gases in air • Produce required mix • No need for oxygen • Unlimited supplies • Methods • Removes nitrogen • Absorbs nitrogen • Expensive • Clean air

  17. Gas Separation Membrane system

  18. Premix • Use premixed gas to create final mix • Decant premix using whip • Top up with air • Requires large storage • No need for oxygen clean equipment • Option for large Clubs • Initial expense • Bulk purchase of gas

  19. Comparison

  20. Summary • We covered • Real v Ideal Gases • Methods of mixing • Partial pressure • Continuous • Weight • Separation • Premix • Comparison of methods

  21. Questions?

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