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Apartheid in South Africa

Apartheid in South Africa. Apartheid Facts:. Took place in South Africa between 1948 and 1991. A system of laws designed to oppress the rights of black Residential areas were segregated by means of forced removal Blacks were deprived of their citizenship

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Apartheid in South Africa

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  1. Apartheid in South Africa
  2. Apartheid Facts: Took place in South Africa between 1948 and 1991. A system of laws designed to oppress the rights of black Residential areas were segregated by means of forced removal Blacks were deprived of their citizenship South Africa’s 20% minority ruled the country
  3. Facts continued: Government segregated education, medical care, train stations, restrooms, beaches, restaurants, etc. Apartheid law prohibited sexual relations and marriage between whites and non-Europeans South African blacks who protested met police violence, indefinite detention, torture, and execution Blacks were not allowed to purchase hard liquor
  4. Apartheid Timeline: 19th Century – laws were passed in regions occupied by whites to restrict movement of blacks 1910 – South Africa Act gave whites complete control over all other race groups and removed blacks from parliament 1913 – Native Land Act – prevented all blacks from buying land outside reserves
  5. Timeline continued: 1918 – Urban Areas Bill – forced blacks into locations 1923 – Urban Areas Act – residential segregation and provided cheap labor for whites 1926 – Colour Bar Act – prevented blacks from practicing skilled trades 1936 – Native Land and Trust Act – removed blacks from voters roll
  6. Timeline continued: 1948 – following the general election the National Party set in place its policy of Apartheid 1950 – Group Areas Act – separated racial groups geographically 1953 – Separate Amenities Act – created separate beaches, buses, hospitals, schools, and universities
  7. Timeline continued: 1955 – government increased the number of judges in the Appeal Court from 5 to 11 and appointed pro-Nationalist judges 1955 – Senate Act – increased the senate from 49 to 89 members and made sure the Nationalist Party controlled 77 seats 1950s – forced removal of blacks from lands – 60,000 people were removed from Johannesburg to the township of Soweto – racial slum 1970 – Black Homeland Citizenship Act – changed the status of blacks so they were no longer citizens of South Africa, but citizens of 10 autonomous territories
  8. Reactions to Apartheid Internal resistance: Peaceful protest Strikes Civil disobedience – violent clashes with authorities Countries boycotted South Africa (trade embargo) International condemnation (United Nations)
  9. Ending of Apartheid Members of the government began to have doubts about apartheid External pressure from Western nations – felt that apartheid could no longer be tolerated after the fall of the Soviet Union Banks and investment firms withdrew from South Africa Churches applied pressure
  10. End of Apartheid continued: President FW de Klerk released Nelson Mandela from prison in February, 1990 Repeals of the apartheid laws began after Mandela’s release 1992 – a whites-only referendum approved the reform process 1994 – 1st democratic election was held in South Africa with all races being allowed to vote
  11. Nelson Mandela
  12. Nelson Mandela Born July 1918 Anti-apartheid activist Leader of the African National Congress (ANC) Served as the 1st black President of South Africa from 1994-1999 Convicted on charges of sabotage Served 27 years in prison Released from prison on February 11, 1990
  13. Nelson Mandela continued: Supported reconciliation and negotiation Help lead the transition towards a multi-racial democracy in South Africa Received more than 250 awards – 1993 Nobel Peace Prize
  14. Nelson Mandela’s prison cell
  15. Desmond Tutu Born October 7, 1931 Became the 2nd South African to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 1st black South African Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town Chaired the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Vocal supporter of the oppressed, AIDS, poverty, racism, and tuberculosis
  16. Desmond Tutu continued: Credited with coining the term “Rainbow Nation” – metaphor for post-apartheid South Africa “We are the rainbow people of God! We are unstoppable! Nobody can stop us on our match to victory! No one, no guns, nothing! Nothing will stop us, for we are moving to freedom! We are moving to freedom and nobody can stop us! For God is on our side!”
  17. *Gandhi Peace Prize in 2005 *Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009
  18. Apartheid Museum
  19. 121 nooses representing the political prisoners hanged during apartheid
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