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E-Business Models_2

E-Business Models_2. Agenda. B2C business models B2B business models B usiness models in other emerging areas of e-commerce. Classsification of E-commerce Business Models. There is more than one way of classification ( No single correct way ) Some companies use multiple business models .

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E-Business Models_2

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  1. E-Business Models_2

  2. Agenda • B2C business models • B2B business models • Business models in other emerging areas of e-commerce

  3. Classsification of E-commerce Business Models • There is more than one way of classification (No single correct way) • Some companies use multiple business models

  4. Classifications may be according to: • Interacting participants • B2C, B2B, C2C, G2C, G2B, P2P • Value proposition (offer) • Revenue model • Main theme, key processes • Customers’ role • Type of e-commerce technology • etc.

  5. B2C E-Business Models • Portal • E-tailer • Content provider • Transaction Broker • Market Creator • Service Provider • Community Provider

  6. B2B E-Business Models • E-distributor • E-procurement • Exchanges (B2B Hubs) • Private marketplaces • Industry Consortia • Single firm network • Industry-wide networks

  7. B2C Business Models: Portal • Portals are “gateways” to the Internet • Offers powerful Web searching tools-effiency and ease • But today, the portal business model is in addition to serving as a gateway to the Internet; • It is a destination site • provide an integrated package of content and services all in one place • Typically utilizes combination of subscription, advertising, transaction fee model • ISP (usually)

  8. an integrated package of content like news last minute weather forecasts currency rates stock quotes phone and map information services like E-mail accounts Entertainment Chat Community forum Game Downloads Shopping-auction E-card Sms service search B2C Business Models: Portal

  9. Types & Examples May be • General or horizontal: portal • Intranets are also called enterprise portals • Specialized or vertical : vortal • Examples • Superonline.com • E-kolay.com • Mynet.com • Tnn.net • Tr.net • Yahoo.com • Msn.com • Aol.com

  10. VORTALs • A gateway or portal to information related to a particular industry, such as human resources, health care, insurance, automobiles, or food manufacturing. • Vortals are also seen as likely business-to-business communities • Kariyer.net • Tatilsepeti.com • Snowboard.com • Yenibir.com • Secretcv.com • Cityname.com • E-kolay (portal) links (vortals) • Bigpara, bebek, kadın, etc.

  11. An alternative definition and classification for portals a single point of access through a Web browser to information inside and/or outside an organization • Commercial (public) portals • Corporate portals • Publishing portals • Personal portals • Mobile portals: a portal accessible via a mobile device • Voice portals: a portal accessed by telephone or cell phone

  12. B2C Business Models: E-tailer • Online version of traditional retailer • Types include: • Virtual merchants:online retail store only • Eg. kangurum.com • Clicks and bricks:online distribution channel for a company that also has physical stores. eg. Migros sanal magaza • Catalog merchants:online version of direct mail catalog • Manufacturer:manufacturer selling directly over the Web • Virtual shopping mall:eg. garantialisveris

  13. Barriers to entry into the e-tailer marketplace, high or low? • Barrier to entry means • the total cost of entering a new marketplace • Barrier to entry for e-tailers is LOW BUT • Becoming profitable and surviving is very difficult with no prior brand name • How can a new electronic e-tailer compete with teknosa.com? • Is it easy for a new toy company to compete with toysRUs which has alliance with amazon.com

  14. Business Model: Market Creator • Uses Internet technology to create markets in digital environment that bring buyers and sellers together • To display products • Search for products • Establish a price • Auction, reverse auction (promena.com.tr,myfutura.com=4build.com) or fixed price marketplaces • Typically uses a transaction fee revenue model • They don’t have inventory or production cost

  15. Market Creators • They are middleman • The success factor is: • attracting sufficient critical number of sellers and buyers to the marketplace • Speed, ability to become operational quickly • Examples: • Gittigidiyor.com, muzayede.com, eskidji.com • eBay.com, Priceline.com • E-tailers have also started auction sites to create market on their e-tail sites

  16. Content Provider • Information and entertainment companies that provide digital content, such as news, photos,video, artwork, deviantart.com, youtube.com over the Web • Typically utilizes • subscription, • pay for download, or • advertising revenue model • The success factor is owning the content • eg. Online books, online perodicals, broadcasters of TV and radio

  17. Syndication-Aggregation Aggregation is a variation of standard content provider model • Infomediaries: electronic intermediaries that control information flow in cyberspace, often aggregating information and selling it to others • They do not own but aggregate and distribute the content produced by others • Difficult to succeed unless it has a unique information source that other can not have

  18. Transaction Broker-Intermediaries • Processes online transactions for consumers normally handled in person by phone or e-mail • Primary value proposition – saving of time and money by providing timely, accurate information and opinion • Typical revenue model – transaction fee • Industries using this model: • Financial services • Travel services • Job placement services

  19. Difference of transaction brokers from market creators • Transaction brokers • actually carry out the transaction for their customers • act as agents in large markets • Market creators • Sellers and buyers are their own agents

  20. Service Provider • Offers services online, like consultancy, trade knowledge, expertise, eg. Rega.com.tr • Value proposition – valuable, convenient, time-saving, low-cost alternatives to traditional service providers • Revenue models – subscription fees or one-time payment

  21. Community Provider • Sites that create a digital online environment. people with similar interests can transact, communicate, and receive interest-related information. • Typically rely on a hybrid revenue model • Alliances like Linux, Kazaa,I-mesh, Naspter, bearshare, limeware, emule can be classified as community provider

  22. B2B Business Models

  23. E-distributor • An intermediary that connects manufacturers (suppliers) with buyers by aggregating the catalogs of many suppliers in one place and services directly to individual businesses • E-distributors in B2B • Maintenance, repair, and operation items (MROs): Routine items that are usually not under regular contract with suppliers

  24. E-procurement Companies • Create and sell access to digital electronic markets • B2B service provider is one type – offer purchasing firms sophisticated set of sourcing and supply chain management tools • Application service providers a subset of B2B service providers • Examples: • Ariba • CommerceOne

  25. Exchanges (B2B Hubs) • An electronic digital marketplace where suppliers and commercial purchasers can conduct transactions • Usually owned by independent firms whose business is making a market • Generate revenue by charging transaction fees • Usually serve a single vertical industry • http://www.b2bprofile.com/turkey • Wtpfed.org

  26. Industry Consortia • Industry-owned vertical marketplaces that serve specific industries • Horizontal marketplaces, in contrast, sell specific products and services to a wide range of industries • Leading example: Covisint

  27. Private Industrial Networks • Digital networks (usually, but not always Internet-based) designed to coordinate the flow of communications among firms engaged in business together • Single firm network: the most common form (example – Walmart) • Industry-wide networks: often evolve out of industry associations

  28. Business Models in Emerging E-commerce Areas

  29. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) P2PP4P • C2C Provide a way for consumers to sell to each other, with the help of a online marketmaker. E.g. gittigidiyor.com, eBay.com • P2P Peer to peer • P four P

  30. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Business Models • Links users, enabling them to share files and common resources without a common server • Challenge is for P2P ventures to develop viable, legal business models • Example: Kazaa; Groovenetworks • Facebook • youtube • Eksisozluk.com • Yonja.com

  31. E-commerce Enablers: The Gold Rush Model • Internet infrastructure companies: Companies whose business model is focused on providing infrastructure necessary for e-commerce companies to exist, grow and prosper • Provide • hardware, software, networking, • security, e-commerce software systems • payment systems, databases, hosting services, etc. • Examples: turkticaret.net, est.com.tr, imat.com.tr

  32. E-commerce Enablers

  33. Auctions as EC Market Mechanisms • Auction: A market mechanism by which a seller places an offer to sell a product and buyers make bids sequentially and competitively until a final price is reached • Auctions can be done: • online • off-line • at public sites (eBay) • at private sites (by invitation)

  34. Auctions as EC Market Mechanisms • Electronic auctions (e-auctions): Auctions conducted online • Host sites on the Internet serve as brokers, offering services for sellers to post their goods for sale and allowing buyers to bid on those items • Conventional business practices that traditionally have relied on contracts and fixed prices are increasingly being converted into auctions with bidding for online procurements

  35. Auctions as EC Market Mechanisms • Dynamic pricing: Prices that change based on supply and demand relationships at any given time At what price would you buy/sell today?

  36. Auctions as EC Market Mechanisms • Four major categories of dynamic pricing • One buyer, one seller • One seller, many potential buyers • One buyer, many potential sellers • Many sellers, many buyers

  37. Auctions as EC Market Mechanisms • One buyer, one seller Forward auction: An auction in which a seller entertains bids from buyers One seller, many potential buyers Forward auctions used for fast liquidation and as a selling channel. Price is increasing; the highest bidder wins

  38. Auctions as EC Market Mechanisms • One buyer, many potential suppliers Reverse auction (bidding or tendering system): Auction in which the buyer places an item for bid (tender) on a request for quote (RFQ) system, potential suppliers bid on the job, with price reducing sequentially, and the lowest bid wins; primarily a B2B or G2B mechanism

  39. Auctions as EC Market Mechanisms • One buyer, many potential sellers (special model) “name-your-own-price” model: Auction model in which a would-be buyer specifies the price (and other terms) they are willing to pay to any willing and able seller. It is a C2B model, pioneered by Priceline.com

  40. Auctions as EC Market Mechanisms • Many sellers, many buyers Double auction: Auctions in which multiple buyers and their bidding prices are matched with multiple sellers and their asking prices, considering the quantities on both sides

  41. The Reverse Auction Process

  42. Benefits of E-Auctions

  43. SOURCES and REFERENCES Prepared from the books and other supplementary materials of the books and their ppt presentations • Kenneth C. Laudon and Carol Guercio Traver; 2004; E-commerce, business, technology and society;Addison Wesley • Efraim Turban; 2002 Electronic Commerce, A Managerial Perspective; Prentice Hall

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