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Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics. Nucleotide structure of DNA. DNA Replication. 1ms for each base (Nucleotide). What is a Gene?. The Current Paradigm. RNA Polymerase. Prokaryotes. Eukaryotes. Translation. Genetic logical circuits. Eat Lactose. If and only If . There is no Glucose.

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Introduction to Genetics

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  1. Introduction to Genetics

  2. Nucleotide structure of DNA

  3. DNA Replication 1ms for each base (Nucleotide)

  4. What is a Gene?

  5. The Current Paradigm

  6. RNA Polymerase

  7. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

  8. Translation

  9. Genetic logical circuits Eat Lactose. If and only If . There is no Glucose “Lactose signal” Lac I “Lactose” Promoter Promoter

  10. Ribosome Amino Acids forming Peptide chain P Site A Site E Site tRNA anti-codon AUG GGA codon Translation Met His Tyr Val Pro 3’ CAU UAC GUA CCU 5’ mRNA strand

  11. The Genetic Code Neutral Non-polar Polar Basic Acidic S E C O N D B A S E U C A G UUU UUC UUA UUG UCU UCC UCA UCG UAU UAC UAA UAG UGU UGC UGA UGG F I R S T B A S E U U C A G T H I R D B A S E Phe Tyr Cys Ser Stop Leu Stop Trp CUU CUC CUA CUG CCU CCC CCA CCG CAU CAC CAA CAG CGU CGC CGA CGG C U C A G His Leu Pro Arg Gln† AUU AUC AUA AUG ACU ACC ACA ACG AAU AAC AAA AAG AGU AGC AGA AGG U C A G A Asn† Ser Ile Thr Lys Arg †Have amine groups Met/ start GUU GUC GUA GUG GCU GCC GCA GCG GAU GAC GAA GAG GGU GGC GGA GGG U C A G G Asp Val Ala Gly* *Listed as non-polar by some texts Glu

  12. O O O Glycine Alanine Leucine Valine O C C C H2N H2N H2N OH OH OH C H2N C C C OH H H C H H H H H C C H H C CH3 H H3C C H H CH3 H3C O O Methionine Isoleucine Phenylalanine O Tryptophan C C O H2N H2N OH OH C C C H2N H H3C OH C H2N O OH Proline H H C C C H H H C H H2N+ H C H H C C C OH H C H2C C H H H S H3C H H H2C CH2 H3C NH Non-PolarAmino Acids

  13. O Threonine O O Serine C H2N OH C C H2N H2N OH OH C H C C H Cysteine H H C H H H C C OH C O HS H Tyrosine CH3 O HO Glutamine H H C H2N C OH H2N O OH C Asparagine H C H C H H2N C OH H C H C H H H C H C O C H O C H NH2 HO NH2 Polar Amino Acids

  14. Glutamic acid Aspartic acid O C H2N O OH C H C H2N OH H C H C H H C H C O C H O C H OH OH Acidic Amino Acids

  15. Histidine O O Lysine Arginine C C H2N H2N OH OH C C H H H H C C H H H H C C H H H H C C H O H H C N C H2N +H2N H H C +H3N OH C H NH2 H C H C NH C C H+N Basic Amino Acids

  16. Transcription Schematic DNA double helix DNA Rewinding antisense DNA strand 3’ ribonucleotide triphosphates newly synthesized sense mRNA transcript 5’ for more accurate picture see pg 307, Alberts et al.

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