Bio - Chemistry

1. Bio - Chemistry

2. Bio-Chemistry (AKA Organic Chemistry) • Inorganic Compounds: from minerals or non-living source. • Organic Compounds: contain Carbon & come from a living thing. • Carbon can combine with other elements to form millions of compounds. • Simplest Organic Compound is CH4 (Methane)

3. Bio-Chemistry (AKA Organic Chemistry) VOCABULARY ALERT! • Polymer: long chains of carbon molecules. • Monomer: the building block of a polymer. Examples: A bead necklace = Polymer Individual Bead = Monomer

4. Carbohydrates Elements: C, H, O Ratio of H:O is 2:1 Building Blocks: Monosaccharides(simple sugars like glucose) Function: Energy and storage molecules Examples: Monosaccharides – Glucose(C6H12O6) Disaccharides – lactose (in milk), sucrose (table sugar) Polysaccharides – starch, cellulose, glycogen

5. carbohydrates Simple sugars (sucrose) Starch (potato plants store sugar in the roots as starch )

6. Lipids Elements: C, H, O Ratio of H:O is more than 2:1 Building Blocks: Fatty Acids Function: Energy storage Part of the Cell Membrane Examples: Beef Fat (C15H112O6) Oils, Wax

7. Lipids Oils are liquid at room temperature Fats are solid at room temperature

8. Lipids Different Kinds of Fats Cell Membrane

9. Proteins Elements: C, H, O, N, S Building Blocks: Amino Acids Function: Structural Molecules & Functional Molecules Examples: Muscle, skin, hair, fingernails Enzymes (speed up chemical reactions)

10. Finger and Toe Nails Muscle Cells

11. Nucleic Acids Elements: C, H, O, N, P Building Blocks: Nucleotides (a sugar, phosphate, & nitrogen base) Function: Stores and transmits hereditary info. Controls cell activity Makes proteins Examples: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) & RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

12. DNA