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Pituitary Gland (Posterior & Anterior)

Pituitary Gland (Posterior & Anterior). By Jenny Huh, Sam Sender, and Sahani DeSilva Period 2 H.A.P. . Endocrine System Overview. Influences almost every cell, organ, & function of bodies

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Pituitary Gland (Posterior & Anterior)

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  1. Pituitary Gland (Posterior & Anterior) By Jenny Huh, Sam Sender, and Sahani DeSilva Period 2 H.A.P.

  2. Endocrine System Overview • Influences almost every cell, organ, & function of bodies • Regulates mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function & reproductive processes • Composed of distinct glands that produce hormones • 2 specific types of glands: • Exocrine • Secretions deposited into body cavity through ducts • Endocrine • Secretions sent directly into bloodstream

  3. Pituitary Gland (Posterior & Anterior)

  4. Location of Pituitary Gland • Located middle of base of brain, beneath hypothalamus • Anteriorforward region • Posterior rear region

  5. Role & Function • “Master Endocrine gland”  hormones control most of the other endocrine glands • Linked to overall coordination of body’s organ system • Location serves as important communication center • Synchronizing brain w/ endocrine system • Anterior: • Controlled by releasing hormones • Produced by nerve cells of hypothalamus • Secreted in capillaries that travel to anterior pituitary • Posterior: • Controlled by nerve cells • Carry info from brain to posterior http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000099&ptid=17

  6. Hormones Associated with Gland • Prolactin • ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone • Growth Hormone

  7. Prolactin Stimulates breast milk and controls the menstrual cycle (red arrow)

  8. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signals adrenal gland to produce cortisol cortisol type of glucocorticosteriod responsible for stress-fighting and anti- inflammatory responses (Green arrow)

  9. Growth Hormone - Signals liver to produce somatomedin-C - Peptide Hormone - Somatomedin-C imperative for physical growth during childhood growth (muscular, skeletal)

  10. Diseases

  11. Cushing’s Syndrome • Body either produces or is exposed to too much cortisol • Causes • Oral corticosteroid medications • Overproduction • Pituitary gland tumor • Benign • Causes overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) • Symptoms • Weight gain (usually around midsection, upper back, face and in between shoulders • Pink/purple stretch marks on abdomen, thighs, breasts, and arms • Easily bruised skin • Slow healing of cuts, infections, and insect bites • Acne

  12. Cushing’s Syndrome

  13. Acromegaly • Bones increase in size due to the production of too much growth hormone • causes • pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone • tumors • pituitary • nonpituitary • release growth-hormone-releasing-hormone

  14. Acromegaly • Symptoms • enlarged hands/feet • deepened voice (enlargement of sinuses/vocal cords) • excessive sweating • barrel chest • snoring (upper airway obstruction) • enlarged organs • enlarged facial features • increase in oil production

  15. Interesting Facts • An ancient Egyptian portrait of pharaoh Akhenaten showed a form of acromegaly • Galen (150 A.D.) gave the first description of the pituitary gland • Stated that its function was to drain phlegm from the brain to the nasopharnyx.

  16. Concept Check 1. Cushing's Syndrome is caused by the overproduction of which hormone? • a) growth hormone • b) cortisol • c) calcitonin • d) insulin Answer : B 2. The location of the pituitary gland is: a) above the hypothalamus , middle of base of brain b) below the hypothalamus, middle base of brain c) abdominopelvic region Answer: B

  17. Concept Check 3. Prolactin is responsible for: a) growth b) stimulation of breast milk and menstrual cycle c) signaling od adrenal gland to produce cortisol Answer : B 4. What are the main functions of the pituitary gland? • Linked to overall coordination of body’s organ system • Location serves as important communication center • Synchronizing brain w/ endocrine system • “Master Endocrine gland”  hormones control most of the other endocrine glands

  18. Works Cited • "Acromegaly." N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Mar. 2013. • ""Girl Disappearing to Some Secret Prison, but She's Right in Front of Me."" : National Cushing's Awareness Day!N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Mar. 2013. • Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, n.d. Web. 7 Mar. 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/>. • "Pituitary Gland." Pituitary Gland. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.bodyteen.com/anenpi.html>. • Shmaefsky, Brian R. Applied Anatomy & Physiology. St. Paul, MN: Paradign, 2007. Print. • "What Is the Endocrine System?" What Is the Endocrine System?N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. <http://www.becomehealthynow.com/article/bodyendocrine/732>. • "What Is the Pituitary Gland?" What Is the Pituitary Gland?N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Mar. 2013. <http://www.neurosurgery.pitt.edu/minc/skullbase/pituitary/index.html>.

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