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Chronic Disease Mortality and Morbidity Among American Indian and White South Dakotans: Data From Three Statewide Chronic Disease Surveillance Systems 2004-2009. South Dakota Department of Health March 2011. Three Statewide Chronic Disease Data Sources.
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Chronic Disease Mortality and Morbidity Among American Indian and White South Dakotans: Data From Three Statewide Chronic Disease Surveillance Systems 2004-2009 South Dakota Department of Health March 2011
Three Statewide Chronic Disease Data Sources (1)Mortality Distribution Across the Lifespan Top 10 Causes of Mortality (2)Health and Behavior Risk Factor Trends Linked to Chronic Disease Mortalityand Morbidity (3)Cancer Incidence of the Most Common Cancers
3 1.5 6.5 2 4 6.5 6 5.5 6 70% of all Indian deaths below 70 years compared to 75% of all White deaths above 70 years Source: South Dakota Vital Statistics Section
The leading causes of death have an earlier onset for American Indians compared to Whites • Accidents, suicide, and assault cause the majority of early Indian deaths between the ages of 1 to 30; contribute up to 50 • Liver and digestive disease mortality starts in the 30’s and continues through the 60’s • Early onset of chronic disease mortality from CVD, cancer, and diabetes starts to increase in the 40’s and becomes the primary cause of Indian deaths after 60.
3 Chronic diseases: CVD cancer, diabetes Many causes of death Including liver disease Accidents, Suicide, Assault 1.5 6.5 2 4 6.5 6 5.5 6 70% of all Indian deaths below 70 years compared to 75% of all White deaths above 70 years Source: South Dakota Vital Statistics Section
Mortalitypatternsby race and age Causes of deathby race and age become clear Risk factors linked to causes of deathscan be changed Federal, tribe, state, and local prevention programs
Chronic disease prevention strategies at the South Dakota Department of Health • Cardiovascular disease: screening for hypertension and cholesterol • Cancer: screening for cancer tumors • Diabetes: testing for high blood sugar • Physical activity and nutrition: prevention • Tobacco: eliminate chronic disease risk factor • Oral health: prevent cavities, periodontal disease, and oral cancer • School-based health: promote healthy habits
Chronic disease risk factor data used for South Dakota public health programs • Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) • State/federal partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • Data collected yearly by calling adult residents of South Dakota • Phone interviews last about 20 minutes and many questions are asked about health behaviors and risk factors
BRFSS data used in this presentation • Five years of data 2005-2009 • American Indians each year • Numbers interviewed: 526, 537, 627, 657, 745* • Whites each year • Numbers interviewed: 6279, 5997, 6124, 6215, 6001* • North Dakota report in 2004 • BRFSS years 1996-2002: 438 Indians • Nebraska report in 2007 • BRFSS years 1995-2004: 480 Indians *BRFSS computed preferred race
Chronic Disease Danger • Diabetes can cause gum disease • In turn, gum disease makes high blood sugar difficult to control • Smokers 4 times more likely to have gum disease than nonsmokers • Gum disease increases risk of heart disease, stroke, pneumonia, and lung disease • The mouth can continuously release toxic bacteria into the bloodstream increasing inflammation and plaque build-up in arteries
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE Data source: BRFSS
South Dakota Cancer Registry Age-adjusted to 2000 US Pop
Demographic Characteristics(know your population) • Race, age, income, education, significant relationships, and children • These kinds of demographics are linked with chronic disease risk factors • Effective prevention programs work best when they take into account the specific needs of the population.
Contact Information: South Dakota Department of Health 615 East 4th Street Pierre, SD 57501 Mathew.Christensen@state.sd.us Chronic Disease Epidemiologist
