Chapter 20: The New Frontier and Great Society Section 3: The Great Society

1. Chapter 20:The New Frontier and Great SocietySection 3:The Great Society

2. California Academic Standards: 11.10.6 • 11.10 Students analyze the development of federal civil rights and voting rights. • .6 Analyze the passage and effects of civil rights and voting rights legislation (e.g., 1964 Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act of 1965) and the Twenty-Fourth Amendment, with an emphasis on equality of access to education and to the political process.

3. Objectives: • Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to: • Describe Johnson’s path to the White House • Explain Johnson’s domestic agenda • Summarize the goals of Johnson’s Great Society • Identify the reforms of the Warren Court • Evaluate the impact of Great Society programs

4. LBJ is now the President and devises a plan called the great society • Johnson’s ambitions for the great society were two fold: • (1) he wanted programs that could turn people’s lives around and • (2) he wanted those people to go on and make a difference in the lives of others • How did LBJ come to power? • Johnson imitates FDR’s leadership style, after FDR took LBJ under his wing when

5. he first served in congress in 1937 • Johnson proves himself to be a master of party politics as he rose through the ranks of the political ladder • Johnson’s legislative skill and Southern Protestant background win him a slot on the Kennedy ticket • JFK realized the differences between himself and LBJ could help him carry southern states • What was Johnson’s domestic agenda?

6. Johnson pushes through Kennedy’s civil rights and tax-cut bills resulting in: • The Civil Rights Act of 1964- prohibiting discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender • Tax cuts resulted in the lowering of the national debt by $2 billion because people spent more money and thus companies had more money to be taxed • Johnson presses ahead with his own agenda- a war on poverty

7. He introduced and passed the Economic Opportunity Act which gave money for youth programs (VISTA and Job Corps), small business loans, and antipoverty measures • Capitalizing on the public’s liberal bent, Johnson wins a landslide victory in 1964 over Barry Goldwater, a radical republican that wanted to use nucs on Cuba and North Vietnam • What were the goals of Johnson’s Great Society?

8. Johnson presents his legislative program, which he calls the Great Society • The Great Society demands an end to poverty and racial injustice and has a rich quality of life with education and service to community • Great Society programs bring about change in: • Education (the key to unlocking the great society), • Social security (by establishing medicare and medicaid) [Medicare-provided hospital insurance and

9. low cost medical insurance to everyone over 65] & [Medicaid- extended health insurance to welfare recipients], • Housing, (HUD) new federal Department of Housing and Urban Development Robert Weaver, the first African American Cabinet member in history was appointed as secretary of HUD • Immigration- Immigration Act of 1965 allowed more immigrants from outside of Western Europe • The Great Society also seeks to protect the

10. environment (the effects of pesticides and water quality) and consumers with truth in packaging laws car safety and Meat • What were the reforms of the Warren Court? • The Supreme Court reflects the wave of liberal reform that characterizes the Great Society banning prayer in public school and limiting community censorship opening up free speech • The Warren Court affects political representation in the United States by

11. addressing the issue of reapportionment- the way in which states redraw election districts based on the changing number of people in them • The Warren Court expands the rights of people accused of crimes • 1961 Mapp v. Ohio- evidence seized illegally could not be used in court (exclusionary rule) • 1963 Gideon v. Wainwright-free legal counsel to those who can not afford it • 1964 Escobedo v. Illinois- accussed has right to lawyer representation during

12. questioning • 1966 Miranda v. Arizona- Miranda rights must be read before question • Right to remain silent, anything said can be used in court, right to an attorney at anytime of interrogation, public defender provided, do you want to talk w/o lawyer • Opponents believed the police were too limited in their abilities to try criminals • The Republican party used the Warren Court throughout the 60s and 70s to

13. claim democrats were soft on crime • What were the impacts of the Great Society programs? • Johnson extends the power of the federal government more than any president in the post World War II era • The reforms made by the Great Society help create a new awareness of social problems • Debates over the effectiveness of the Great Society programs result in a conservative backlash

14. Close • After winning a landslide victory in the 1964 election, Johnson began pushing his ambitious Great Society programs through Congress. • Johnson achieved real gains in civil rights , health care, and education. • However, his grand vision for America would soon be distracted by the war in Vietnam.