Cry, the Beloved Country

1. Cry, the Beloved Country Alan Paton 1903-1988

2. Author’s Background • Born in Pietermaritzburg in the Natal Province in eastern South Africa, a region once known as Zululand • Parents __________________________ • Attended Natal University College, where he studied mathematics and physics • was principal of the Diepkloof Reformatory for black youths in Johannesburg — ____________ _______________________________________

3. Cry, the Beloved Country • Published in ____________________ • Novel was a huge success in Europe and U.S. but _________________________ • The novel was translated into Zulu and a number of other languages and has sold well over 15 million copies

4. Paton’s Social Conscience • Paton is considered _______________ and used his novels, short stories and essays as _________________________ __________________________________. • Strove to ________________________, particularly with regard to the treatment of native South Africans and the _______ __________________________________

5. Literary Techniques • ___________________________________ - a passage that is not part of the narrative and does not involve the main characters. Usually used to make a thematic point, or to describe a scene that is apart from the action. • __________---Paton’s ________________, rather than quotation marks, serves to quicken the pace of the dialogue and to emphasize words, rather than the speaker. Speaker is rarely identified, requiring the reader to pay careful attention.

6. Literary Techniques, Continued • _____________ of phrases, paragraphs and description • ______________---use of Afrikaan words, such as veld, kraal, inkosanaand umfumdisi. Note: the word _______ is used exclusively to refer to black descendants of tribal Africans and not to the whites who had lived in South Africa for generations.

7. Genre: The Social Realism Novel • Movement began the second half of the 19th century as artists and writers rebelled against Romanticism’s _________________________. • Focused on the harsh realities of ___________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________. • The goal of art for the Realist is to achieve verisimilitude — ________________________ ____________________________________—giving a “slice of life” with photographic accuracy.

8. Classic traits of the Social Realism work • Vivid, unflinching, and usually unsentimental descriptions of __________________________ _______________________________________. • A plot that centers on _____________________ ____________________. Common themes are racial injustice, the oppression of the poor, the degradation of the land, the problems caused by urban migration. • ______________________________________ _______________ that represent different facets of society.

9. History of South Africa • ________ arrived in 1652 and established Capetown. Within 5 years _______________ _____________________________________. • Over the next 100 years, Dutch, German, and French Huguenot immigrants settled South Africa, ________________________________. These settlers were known as __________, or _______,who developed a common language know as _________. • In 1795 Britain wrested control of Capetown from the Dutch, which led to a century of sporadic fighting over control of the region.

10. SA History, Continued • In 1820, British immigrants settled on the eastern coast of South Africa, in an attempt to _______________________ ________________________________. • British missionaries, ______________, arrived in the early 1800s and caused further division between the British and slave-owning Dutch.

11. And More Boer History • After Britain _______________, the Boers began a moving north and east of Capetown and formed two republics—the Orange Free State and the Transvaal or ZAR. • This division led to ______________in the from the late 1880s-early 1900s, in which _________ emerges as the victor.

12. Apartheid—”____________” • 1948-1990 — __________________________ ____________________________________—legalized racial discrimination by: • __________________________________ • Barring blacks from holding jobs classified as “skilled labor,” or almost all well-paying jobs • _______________________________________ • Restricting the movement of blacks through “_____ _____” which required blacks to carry passes with ID and fingerprints • _______________________________________ • Required all South Africans to register by race

13. Apartheid in the ‘50s and ‘60s • 1951—government established ___________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________. This stripped native blacks of their South African citizenship. • 1960s—the ____ called for sanctions against the Republic of South Africa to protest apartheid and human rights but ________________________ ________________. • 1964--__________________, the leader of the anti-Apartheid movement, ________________ __________________________________.

14. End of Apartheid • 1976—a peaceful march by ___________ schoolchildren turns deadly when _________ _________________________, sparking rioting and international outrage. • 1980s—international pressure mounted • 1990—South Africa freed __________________ ______________________________ • 1994— _______________________________ _____________________, electing Mandela president. He served ___________.

15. Setting • 1. _____________--Stephen’s home--old ways • 2. ________________--new place

16. Setting: Johannesburg • In 1886, ____________ were discovered and gave rise to the creation of this city. • The setting for Cry, The Beloved Country, it provides a ____________________ _______________________that mounted at the end of World War II due to the increasing number of people moving to Johannesburg from nearby outlying rural areas in Africa.

17. Johannesburg - 1931

18. Novel Structure • 3 Books; Short Chapters • ______________________ • Narrative + Intercalary Chapters (_______)

19. Character Allusions • 1. ___________: King David’s favorite but rebellious son (II Samuel 18:33) • 2. ________: King Arthur, “Father” of GB • 3. ________: Adulterous mother in Hamlet • 4. _________ (Msimangu): “lover of God”

20. Population: 43,997,828 Total Area: 471,008 sq mi South Africa's Acclaim Today, eleven languages are recognized as the official language. IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001)‏ South Africa's President Kgalema Motlanthe

21. Video Clips • http://www.pbs.org/pov/twelvedisciples/video_classroom1.php#.UssgddJDuSo • http://www.pbs.org/pov/twelvedisciples/video_classroom2.php#.UtPpxdJDuSo