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Absolutism in Prussia & Russia: Frederick II to Catherine II

Learn about Frederick II's absolute rule in Prussia & Peter I's westernization of Russia, continued by Catherine II. The age of enlightened despots in Europe.

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Absolutism in Prussia & Russia: Frederick II to Catherine II

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  1. CHAPTER 17 LESSON 3 NOTES: THE AGE OF ABSOLUTISM IN PRUSSIA AND RUSSIA

  2. PRUSSIA’S FREDERICK II

  3. Lutheran, • Hohenzollern king • Absolute rule, by • divine-right • Used landowning, noble • Junker class to build Europe’s strongest • military state • Won iron-rich region, Silesia, from Austria

  4. Silesia in the War of the Austrian Succession, defeating Hapsburg Catholic, Maria Theresa; led to Seven Years’ War by which Austria and France were defeated by Prussia and Britain; Prussia keeps Silesia

  5. PRUSSIA’S FREDERICK II • An enlighteneddespot (any monarch who attempts reforms for the good of his people): • 1. granted religious • freedom, except to • Jews • 2. freedom of the • press • 3. reduced • torture • 4. called self • “thefirstservantof the • state.”

  6. RUSSIA’S PETER I(THE GREAT) • E. Orthodox, • Romanovczar • Absolute, • divineright rule

  7. Major domestic goal: to • westernize or modernize Russia like • W. Europe: • built factories • edited 1st newspaper • modernized army [and navy]

  8. taxed bearded Russians & became • known as the • “BarberKing”

  9. built a “windowonthewest” • (city of St. Petersburg) • on the Baltic Sea

  10. lessened power of the boyars (nobility) • Major foreign policy goal: to extend trade • by gaining • warm-water ports: • warred with Sweden & • the Ottoman Turks • [responsible for his only son’s death; • died saving the lives of drowning soldiers]

  11. RUSSIA’S CATHERINE II(THE GREAT) age 16 here and already engaged since age 14 to… Peter III who became czar in 1762 and reigned for 6 months became empress or czarina in 1762 at age 33 dies in 1796 at age 67

  12. German Lutheran who married an Orthodox • Christian from the Russian Romanov dynasty; • she converted to Orthodoxy • became empress when her husband • Czar Peter III died suddenly and mysteriously in • a mental hospital • An enlightened despot, relying on the support • from the boyars(nobility) • 1. she tolerated all religions including • Judaism • 2. she patronized the arts, lit., ed. • 3. she attempted serfreform until peasants • revolted against her policies

  13. Same major foreign policy • goal as • Peter I (search out and • acquire warm-water ports) • 1. added 200,000 sq. • miles to Russian • territory by • acquiring the • Crimean Peninsula • from the Turks & • lands along the • Baltic, • Black, & • CaspianSeas

  14. 2. she partitioned • Poland 3 separate times along with the • Austria& • Prussia, • causing Poland to disappear from a European map • She ensured that Russia became official protector of all E. Orthodox Christians living in the • Ottoman Empire Russia’s slices Prussia’s slices Austria’s slices

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