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The human computer interface

The human computer interface. The human computer interface is what allows the user to communicate with the computer and is often called simply the user interface . The three main types of user interface are; Command-driven Menu-driven Graphical or GUI. Command-driven user interfaces.

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The human computer interface

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  1. The human computer interface The human computer interface is what allows the user to communicate with the computer and is often called simply the user interface. The three main types of user interface are; Command-driven Menu-driven Graphical or GUI.

  2. Command-driven user interfaces To use a command-driven system to communicate with the computer, the user has to type in special command words. DOS, which stands for Disk Operating System, is a very commonly used command-driven user interface. The main advantage of command driven interfaces is that they can be quick to use as long as the user knows the correct commands.

  3. The correct commands to copy the file are typed in by the user at the keyboard The operating system displays a message to confirm that the command has been carried out successfully. The main disadvantage of command-driven interfaces is that they are very difficult to use if the user is a beginner or doesn’t know the correct commands. Command-driven systems can be very unfriendly and confusing for non-computer experts to use.

  4. Menu-driven user interfaces Menu-driven systems offer the user lists of options which they can select by pressing a particular key on the keyboard. The main advantage of menu-driven systems is that they are easy to use. The main disadvantage of menu-driven systems is getting to one particular option can often involve working through many different menu screens.

  5. In this example a menu-driven user interface has been used to copy a file called fred.txt to a user’s floppy disk.

  6. Graphical user interfaces The most widely used type of graphical user interfaces are WIMP systems. WIMP stands for Windows Icons Menu Pointer. Options are represented by small pictures or 'icons' arranged inside rectangular boxes called windows. The main advantage of graphical user interfaces is that they are very easy to use, especially for a beginner. The main disadvantage is the amount of memory space they need. A graphical user interface needs a lot of RAM to run properly and takes up a large amount of hard disk space.

  7. Utility programs Utility programs are usually supplied along with an operating system. They are used to carry out routine tasks that are often needed by a user such as: Compressing a file to save space on backing storage Defragmenting a disk drive Recovering data from damaged file Checking a disk for faults and repairing them Formatting a floppy disk Checking the files on a disk for computer viruses

  8. Processing methods A processing method is the way that a particular operating system deals with input. There are three main types of processing method: real-time, transaction and batch processing. Real-time processing systems process input data so quickly that the resulting output can affect further input. It is used for applications where it is essential that the computer responds straight away to input. Examples of applications where real-time processing is used are missile defence systems, automatic pilot systems on aircraft and monitoring intensive care patients in a hospital.

  9. Transaction, or on-line, processing, is used for applications where input needs to be dealt with straight away but it is not critical if there is a slight delay in the time that it takes for the computer to respond to requests. Examples of applications where transaction processing is used include the on-line seat booking systems used by airlines and the stock control systems used by catalogue companies like Argos. A system where transaction processing is used will always give an up-to-the-minute picture of the current situation.

  10. A batch processing system does not respond to input straight away. Instead, input is collected together into a ‘batch’ while the system is off-line. When a batch is ready to be processed the system goes on-line to carry out the processing of the data. Batch processing is non-interactive. This means that the user cannot get an immediate response to input as they would with an interactive system. Examples of applications that use batch processing include producing gas, electricity or water bills and marking OMR sheets from multiple choice examinations.

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