Unit 1 Great Scientists

1. Unit 1 Great Scientists

2. science Brainstorming scientific discovery invention research evidence method do carry out perform experiment equipment lab

3. The stages of a scientific research draw a conclusion think of a method collect results make up a question find a problem analyse the results repeat if necessary ⑦ ③ ④ ② ① ⑤ ⑥ Put them in order

4. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” = causing death = that can be spread quickly deadly infectious SARS Bird flu AIDS

5. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” deadly infectious severe serious • Many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. whenever cholera broke out. a person died of cholera, John made a mark on the map. Every time a person died of cholera, John made a mark on the map.

6. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” deadly infectious severe serious mysterious • Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.

7. John Snow (1813-1858) John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” • A famous doctor in London • Attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. • He was so expert. • He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed toit. who were exposed toit.

8. draw a conclusion think of a method collect results make up a question find a problem analyse the results repeat if necessary ⑦ ③ ④ ② ① ⑤ ⑥ How did John defeat cholera? Nobody knew the cause or the cure of cholera. • The problem • The question • The method • The result • The conclusion Is the disease absorbed into bodies with meals? He marked on a map where all the dead had lived. Many of the deaths were near the water pump. The water was to blame.

9. Finding the cause: two theories • Theory 1: • Theory 2: Cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.

10. John Snow's Cholera Map 21 20 16 pump 37 38 40 7 Pub 8 9 • Many of the deaths were near the water pump. • Some families who had not drunk the water from the pump had no deaths. Water !

11. John Snow's Cholera Map 21 20 16 pump 37 38 40 7 Pub 8 9 It seemed that the water was the troublemaker. It seemed that the water was the cause of the problem. Water !

12. Finding more supporting evidence • The source of water came from the river polluted. • The disease slowed down soon afterwards. • A woman and her daughter drank the water and died. • John Snow looked into the source of the water.

13. What did John do after his discovery? • Tell the astonished people to remove the handle form the pump. • Announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease. • Suggest that the water supplies be examined and new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. • Instruct the water companies not to expose people to polluted water. should should • The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reasons. • The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. was His pale face suggested that he _____ (be) seriously ill. And wesuggested that he _________ (send) to the hospital at once. be sent = officially tell somebody to do …

14. Summary xpert John Snow was so e ______ that he a________Queen Victoria . He wanted to find the c_____ of cholera in order to d_____ it. He was determined to face the c_________ so that people e_______ to it would not be v________ of the d______ disease. In 1854 when a cholera b______ out, he began to c_______ information. He m______ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the p______ died. So he decided that the polluted water c_______ the virus. He told people to remove the h______. He s________ that the s_____ of all water supply be e_________ and the water companies were i__________ not to e________ people to polluted water any more. He eventually d_______“King Cholera”. ttended ause efeat hallenge xposed ictims eadly roke ollect arked ump arried andle uggested ource xamined nstructed xpose efeated

15. Homework • Read the passage after class, underlining phrases you think important. • Finish exercises 1, 2 and 3 on Page 4.