Single Displacement Reactions

1. Single Displacement Reactions

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3. Single Displacement Reactions:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: Identify a basic single displacement reaction Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take place Balance a single displacement reaction

4. + Synthesis Decomposition + Single Replacement + + Double Replacement + +

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6. Single Replacement Reactions • Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. • A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a halogen can replace a halogen (-). • element + compound element + compound A + BC  AC + B (if A is a metal)OR A + BC  BA + C (if A is a halogen) (remember the cation always goes first!)

7. Single Replacement Reactions • For these reactions, you must remember: When H2O splits into ions, it splits into H+ and OH- (not H2 and O2!!) A single replacement reaction will only occur if the replacement ion has a higher activity than the original ion in the compound To determine this, refer to a relative activity table

8. Relative Activities Metals Decreasing Activity Halogens Lithium, Li Fluorine, F Potassium, K Chlorine, Cl Calcium, Ca Bromine, Br Sodium, Na Iodine, I Magnesium, Mg Aluminum, Al Zinc, Zn Hydrogen, H Chromium, Cr Copper, Cu Iron, Fe Mercury, Hg Nickel, Ni Silver, Ag Tin, Sn Platinum, Pt Lead, Pb Gold, Au

9. Single Replacement Reactions • (note: Li is higher relative activity than H):

10. A Displacement Reaction: metallic copper with silver nitrate Cu + Ag NO3 Note: Cu is higher relative activity Ag + Cu(NO3)2

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12. Try This…#1 • Predict the products and balance the following reactions: • Aluminum reacts with aqueous iron (III) oxide • Al + Fe2O3 • Aluminum is higher relative activity so… • Al + Fe2O3  • Fe + Al2O3 2 2

13. Single Replacement Reactions #9 • Write and balance the following single replacement reaction equation: • Zinc metal reacts with aqueous magnesium chloride Zn(s) + MgCl2aq) No Go Note: Zinc will not replace the magnesium ion in the reaction because it does not have a higher relative activity

14. Single Replacement Demonstration • Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate Al(s)+ Cu(NO3)2(aq) Al(NO3)3(aq) + Cu 2Al(s)+ 3 Cu(NO3)2(aq) 2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Cu

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16. Single Displacement:Let’s see if you can: Identify a basic single displacement reaction Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take place Balance a single displacement reaction

17. Try This…#5 • Predict the products and balance the following reactions: • Silver reacts with aqueous copper (II) sulfate • Silver is lower relative activity so… Ag + CuSO4  No Go

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19. Try This…#10 • Predict the products and balance the following reactions: • Sodium reacts with aqueous calcium sulfate • Na + CaSO4 • Sodium is lower relative activity so… • Na + CaSO4 • No Go

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21. Single Displacement:Let’s see if you can: Identify a basic single displacement reaction Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take place Balance a single displacement reaction

22. Try These Last Two: #7 • Chromium reacts with nickel iodide: Cr(s) + NiI2(g)  Ni(s) + CrI2(g) Note that chromium replaces nickel in the compound

23. Try These Last Two: #8 • Potassium metal reacts with aqueous magnesium sulfate K(s)+ MgSO4(aq) K2SO4(aq) + Cu Potassium metal is higher that Mg on the reactivity series!! 2