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Conflicts

Conflicts. WHERE Middle East (Holy Land, Jerusalem). WHEN 11 th -13 th Centuries. Crusades. CAUSES. To restore the right of Christians to make pilgrimage to Jerusalem Help Byzantine Emperor against the Turks To gain some of the fabulous riches of the East

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Conflicts

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  1. Conflicts

  2. WHERE Middle East (Holy Land, Jerusalem) WHEN 11th-13th Centuries Crusades

  3. CAUSES • To restore the right of Christians to make pilgrimage to Jerusalem • Help Byzantine Emperor against the Turks • To gain some of the fabulous riches of the East • To gain new lands & trade routes

  4. RESULTS • Hardened Muslim attitudes towrd Christians • Led to expansion of Ottoman Empire • Stimulated trade • Expanded use of money • Islamic learning went to the West

  5. Where China When 1839-1842 Opium War

  6. Causes • Britain had unfavorable balance of trade with China • China demanded Britain end opium trade

  7. Results • Treaty of Nanking opened more Chinese ports to trade and gave Hong Kong to Britain • British gained right of extraterritoriality • China had to pay indemnity

  8. Where India When 1857 Sepoy Mutiny

  9. Causes • Indians were developing a sense of national identity • Insensitivity of British to Indian religious practices

  10. Results • East India Co. forced to give up control • British gov’t took official control of India

  11. Where China When 1899-1900 Boxer Rebellion

  12. Causes • Chinese resented growing foreign interference • Boxers wanted to remove foreigners from China

  13. Results • International force defeated the Boxers • China for forced to pay a large indemnity • Demand for reforms

  14. Where Europe When 1914-1918 World War I

  15. Causes • Nationalism • Imperialism • Alliances • Militarism • Assassination of Archduke

  16. Results • Enormous human and economic losses • Treaty of Versailles • Reparations • War guilt clause • Loss of territory and colonies

  17. Where Europe, Asia, Africa When 1939-1945 World War II

  18. Causes • Aggressive empire building • (Japan, Italy, Germany) • Appeasement

  19. Results • Human losses • War crime trials • Occupied nations • United Nations created • Decline of colonial powers • Rise of superpowers

  20. Where China When 1927-1949 Chinese Civil War (Chinese Communist Revolution)

  21. Causes • Chiang Kai-shek [Jiang Jieshi] expelled communists and began a purge against them • People thought government under Chiang Kai-shek was corrupt

  22. Results • Communists gain support of peasants • Centralized economic planning • Collectivization of farms • Great Leap Forward • Cultural Revolution

  23. Where Korea When 1950-1953 Korean War

  24. Causes • Korea was divided after WWII • North Korea invaded South Korea

  25. Results • Stalemate • Remains divided • Demilitarized zone

  26. Where Middle East-Israel When 1948-today Arab-Israeli Wars

  27. Causes • Zionist movement of late 19th century • Holocaust • Disagreement over land ownership • UN partition plan

  28. Results • Many wars • Terrorist groups • Intifada • Attempts at peace

  29. Where Kashmir When 1947-today Indian-Pakistani Conflict

  30. Causes • Hatred between Hindu and Muslims • Partition of British India • Dispute over border

  31. Results • Three wars • Threat of nuclear war

  32. Where Great Britain When 1922-today Northern Ireland

  33. Causes • Disagreement between Catholics and Protestants • Irish Catholics want independence

  34. Results • Violence (Irish Republican Army) • Peace talks continue

  35. Where Cuba When 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis

  36. Causes • US policy of containment • Soviet Union was building bases to install nuclear missiles • President Kennedy ordered naval blockade

  37. Results • World stood on brink of war • USSR backed down and removed missiles

  38. Where Vietnam [Indochina] When 1959-1975 Vietnam War

  39. Causes • France tried to reclaim Indochina after WWII • Ho Chi Minh lead nationalist movement • 1954 Vietnam was divided • US supported South

  40. Results • Vietnam fell to communists • Devastation of country • Vietnamese refugees

  41. Where Nicaragua [Central America] When 1979 Civil War in Nicaragua

  42. Causes • Repressive rule of Somoza family (1936-1979) • US backed anti-communist Somozas • Sandinistas overthrew the gov’t

  43. Results • US secretly backed the anti-communist Contras • Many deaths • Weakened the Nicaraguan economy

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