1 / 31

Dr Denzil Rodrigues

Dr Denzil Rodrigues. Technical Manager, Hydropath Holdings Ltd. Electronics. Electronics. The Hydropath signal is a decaying sine oscillation Around 120 kHz (2000 times faster than mains!) Pulse separation time varies to work in a range of situations Extremely low power

tanek
Télécharger la présentation

Dr Denzil Rodrigues

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Dr Denzil Rodrigues Technical Manager, Hydropath Holdings Ltd.

  2. Electronics

  3. Electronics • The Hydropath signal is a decaying sine oscillation • Around 120 kHz • (2000 times faster than mains!) • Pulse separation time varies to work in a range of situations • Extremely low power • (Less than 20W) Electric current travels along whole pipe

  4. Electronics • How do we get a signal into the pipe? • Transformer • AC current in primary circuit • Magnetic field through ferrite • AC current in secondary circuit • Make secondary single loop • Make loop bigger... Patented

  5. Electronics • Alignment of pipe • Position of pipe through unit • Topology (knot theory)

  6. Electronics = =

  7. Electronics

  8. Electronics: Comparison with Magnetic Wirewrap (electromagnet) Magnet • Magnetic fields (not Electric Fields) • Very weak ( E = c B ) • Depends on flow rate (no flow, no protection) • Local (point protection only)

  9. Electronics • Signal Propagates over long distances • AC signal allows current to flow in “open circuit” • Faraday cage effect does not apply

  10. Limescale

  11. Limescale • Calcium and bicarbonate dissolved in water • Water becomes super-saturated when: Temperature increases or pressure decreases • Ions precipitate as calcium carbonate: limescale Ca Calcium (HCO3)2 Bicarbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CO2 Carbon Dioxide H2O H2O Water

  12. Limescale

  13. Seed Crystals • Crystals need a start point to form (a nucleation site) • Crystals prefer to form on existing crystals • No existing crystal: crystals form all along string • Existing crystal: will grow rather than form new crystals

  14. Prevention of scale Without Hydropath With Hydropath

  15. Dissolving existing scale • Crystals form • Creates Carbon Dioxide • Dissolves existing scale H2O Ca + (HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O • To dissolve scale, Hydropath requires Hard Water Feed

  16. Dissolving existing scale After Before

  17. Dissolving existing scale Plate exchanger After one month Before Before – AFTER CLEANING! After eight months

  18. Flocculation

  19. Flocculation • Filters can only remove “big” particles • Particles penetrate into filter material and cause clogging • Stick particles together “flocculate” • Enhance filtration • Reduce backwashing by a factor of five With Hydropath Without Hydropath

  20. Flocculation Hydropath unit Filter Pump Particles become charged Turbulence mixes up particles; flock formed Filter removes flock

  21. Bacteria and Algae

  22. Osmosis and Bacteria • Semi-permeable membrane: passes water, but not salt. • Water flows from dilute to concentrated region H2O H2O Na Cl Na Cl Cl Na Semi-permeable membrane

  23. Osmosis and Bacteria • Semi-permeable membrane: passes water, but not salt. • Water flows from dilute to concentrated region • Bacteria cell: semi-permeable membrane • In distilled water, water flows into bacteria • Bacteria becomes “too dilute”, dies, bursts • (kills even “freshwater” bacteria) H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O Cl Cl Na H2O H2O H2O H2O Na H2O Cl Cl Cl Cl Na Na Na Na Na H2O Na Cl Na Cl Cl Cl Na Semi-permeable membrane

  24. Hydropath and Bacteria • Consider bacteria in salt water • Hydropath charges bacteria, creating a wetting layer • Layer of very pure water around bacteria • Osmosis forces water into bacteria • Bacteria dies Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Na Na Na Na Cl Cl Cl Na Cl Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl Na Na Cl Cl Na Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl

  25. Hydropath and Bacteria

  26. Cooling Towers Pressure decrease • Limescale • Flocculation • Bacteria and Algae Heat increase

  27. Cooling Towers • Black = cold • White = hot • Hot coffee on edge of mug

  28. Side-stream Filtering • Side stream filter removes and returns water to same place • Some of the water has already been filtered • Need to pass about 10 times the total volume through filter before all water is filtered

  29. Summary • Electronics • Limescale • Flocculation • Bacteria and Algae

More Related