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Muhammad and the rise of Islam

Muhammad and the rise of Islam. Nomadic Tribes. Arabian tribes nomadic Never settled in one spot Few areas near water that became settled Trade Caravans-traveled between settlements Often attacked Most Arab tribes were polytheistic . Muhammad. Muhammad Started the religion of Islam

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Muhammad and the rise of Islam

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  1. Muhammad and the rise of Islam

  2. Nomadic Tribes • Arabian tribes nomadic • Never settled in one spot • Few areas near water that became settled • Trade Caravans-traveled between settlements • Often attacked • Most Arab tribes were polytheistic

  3. Muhammad • Muhammad • Started the religion of Islam • Muslim • Follower of Islam • Believed to be a prophet of God (Allah) • The same God worshiped by Christians and Jews

  4. Muhammad • Gabriel • The angle that told Muhammad he was a messenger of Allah • Threats to his life forced him out of Mecca (his home town) • Hegira • His flight from Mecca

  5. Koran • The words that Muhammad spoke • Equivalent to Christians Bible • Mecca- contains the Kaaba • Box that contains religious artifacts • Muslims look towards Mecca when they pray

  6. Five Pillars of Islam • Faith • Proclaim faith to Islam • Prayer • Pray 5 times a day • Alms • Give to the needy

  7. Fasting • Eat and drink nothing between sunrise and sunset for a whole month • Pilgrimage • Make a journey to Mecca once in their lifetime

  8. Islam and Society • Islamic Holy Law(Sharia) • Detailed guidance on proper behavior • Based on the teachings of the Quran • Law of the government

  9. Jihad • Jihad- means “struggle” • Many interpretations • Combat evil • Defeat nonbelievers by spreading the religion • Wage war against nonbelievers and people who threaten them

  10. Growth of Islam • Polytheistic tribes often attacked Muslims • After winning battles people start to convert • People thought God was on their side

  11. After Muhammad’s Death • 632 C.E.- Abu Bakr 1st Caliph (leader of Islam) • Close friend and follower of Muhammad • Began expansion of Islamic Empire • Religion & resources • Umar- 2nd Caliph • Expanded territory • Uthman- 3rd Caliph

  12. Split in Islam • Dispute over next caliph caused split in Islam • Sunni and Shia • Shia- wanted Ali (son-in-law) and his decedents to be caliphs

  13. Conquest of the Muslims • Ottoman Empire • Extremely strong Muslim empire • Almost conquered Europe • Believed they were fighting a jihad • Jihad • Holy war against non-believers • Constantinople stopped their spread into Europe

  14. Muslim Sciences • First chemists were Muslim • Discovered how to diagnose and treat smallpox • Invented Algebra

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