Integumentary System

1. Integumentary System Ch 17 Section 3

2. Vocabulary integumentary systemthe organ system that forms a protective covering on the outside of the body epidermisthe surface layer of cells on a plant or animal dermisthe layer of skin below the epidermis

3. Why do you need skin? Here are four good reasons: • Skin protects you by keeping water in your body and foreign particles out of your body. • Skin keeps you in touch with the outside world. Nerve endings in your skin let you feel things around you. • Skin helps regulate your body temperature. Small organs in the skin called sweat glands make sweat. Sweat is a salty liquid that flows to the surface of the skin. As sweat evaporates, the skin cools. • Skin helps get rid of wastes. Several kinds of waste chemicals can be removed in sweat.

4. Layers of the skin Skin has two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis The epidermis consists of dead, flattened cells that are shed and replaced every day. The dermis contains a variety of specialized structures that carry out essential life processes, such as protecting the body from infectious diseases and regulating body temperature.

6. Hair and Nails A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a hair follicle. The hair grows as new cells are added at the hair follicle. Older cells get pushed upward. The only living cells in a hair are in the hair follicle. Like skin, hair gets its color from melanin. A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the base of the nail. As new cells form, the nail grows longer. Nails protect the tips of your fingers and toes. So, your fingers and toes can be soft and sensitive for a keen sense of touch.

7. Skin Injuries Skin is often damaged. Fortunately, your skin can repair itself. Damage to the genetic material in skin cells can cause skin cancer. Skin may also be affected by hormones that cause oil glands in skin to make too much oil. This oil combines with dead skin cells and bacteria to clog hair follicles. The result is acne. Proper cleansing can help but often cannot prevent this problem.

9. Skin Cancer Risk factors for non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers include: Unprotected and/or excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (sunlight or tanning booths and lamps) Pale skin (easily sunburned, doesn’t tan much or at all, natural red or blond hair) Workplace exposure to coal tar, pitch, creosote, arsenic compounds, or radium You or other members of your family have had skin cancers Multiple or unusual moles Severe sunburns in the past

10. How many people get skin cancer? Skin cancer is the most common of all cancers. It accounts for nearly half of all cancers in the United States. More than 3.5 million cases of basal and squamous cell skin cancer are diagnosed in this country each year. Melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, will account for more than 76,000 cases of skin cancer in 2014.

11. What are basal cell and sqaumous cell cancers? These types of skin cancer are called non-melanomas to set them apart from the more serious type of skin cancer, melanoma. Most basal and squamous cell cancers develop on sun-exposed areas of the skin, like the face, ear, neck, lips, and the backs of the hands. Depending on the type, they can be fast or slow growing, but they rarely spread to other parts of the body. Basal cell or squamous cell cancers can be cured if found and treated early – when they are small and have not spread.

12. What are the signs and symptoms of skin cancer? Skin cancer can be found early, and both doctors and patients play important roles in finding skin cancer. If you have any of these symptoms, see a doctor: Any change on your skin, especially in the size or color of a mole, growth, or spot, or a new growth (even if it has no color) Scaliness, oozing, bleeding, or a change in the way a bump or nodule looks A sore that doesn’t heal The spread of pigmentation (color) beyond its border, such as dark coloring that spreads past the edge of a mole or mark A change in sensation, such as itchiness, tenderness, or pain

13. How to prevent skin cancer??? Avoid direct exposure to the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Teach children the shadow rule: if your shadow is shorter than you, the sun’s rays are at their strongest. Seek shade, especially in the middle of the day when the sun’s rays are strongest. Follow the Slip! Slop! Slap!® and Wrap! Rules. Avoid other sources of UV light. Tanning beds and sun lamps are dangerous. They damage your skin and can cause cancer.

14. Slip! Slop! Slap!® and Wrap! rules: Slip on a shirt: Cover up with protective clothing to guard as much skin as possible when you’re out in the sun. Choose comfortable clothes made of tightly woven fabrics that you can’t see through when held up to a light. Slop on sunscreen: Use sunscreen and lip balm with broad spectrum protection and a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher. Apply a generous amount of sunscreen (about a palmful) to unprotected skin at least 30 minutes before outdoor activities. Reapply every 2 hours and after swimming, toweling dry, or sweating. Slap on a hat: Cover your head with a wide-brimmed hat, shading your face, ears, and neck. If you choose a baseball cap, remember to protect your ears and neck with sunscreen. Wrap on sunglasses: Wear sunglasses with 100% UVA and UVB absorption to protect your eyes and the surrounding skin.