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Main Ingredients

Main Ingredients. Silica Sand Lime (from limestone), Magnesium Oxide Aluminum Oxide Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash). Gathering Resources. Silica Sand: Gathered from everywhere in the world. Form of Quartz. Limestone: also found all over the world, but in big rocks.

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Main Ingredients

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  1. Main Ingredients • Silica Sand • Lime (from limestone), • Magnesium Oxide • Aluminum Oxide • Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash)

  2. Gathering Resources • Silica Sand: Gathered from everywhere in the world. Form of Quartz. • Limestone: also found all over the world, but in big rocks. • Magnesium Oxide: Taken from nature in the form of Periclase. • Aluminum Oxide: Gathered from naturally reoccurring rocks called corundum. • Soda Ash: Extracted from ashes of plants and produced from table salt and limestone from Solvay Process.

  3. Manufacturing Production of glass Made by: the mixing of Calcium Carbonate, Sand, and Sodium Carbonate (Waste Glass) Heated in a furnace at 2550° F The molten glass then is then rolled/cut into “globs” Globs are put into molds then molded by air. This process is called a Parison The process of expanding the glass is called blowing Final step of this process is annealing, which is the reheating and gradual cooling

  4. Three types of molding • Extrusion- glass is in a tube shaped parison • Injection- inject the glass directly into a mold • Injectionstretch- Glass is blown and stretched by a metal rod at the same time • Parison is the the molten glass in the mold before it takes the hollowness of the bottle

  5. Process http://wisedude.com/science_engineering/bottles.htm

  6. Packaging • Most Popular way they are packaged in bulk is called pallets. • Pallets usually contain between 1000 and 4000 containers each. • Carried out to the trucks by automatic machines. • Aka palletisers which arrange and stack container • Other ways of packaging include boxes and hand sewn sacks.

  7. Consumer Use • Various Popular Products • Snapple • Arizona Iced Tea • Alcohol • Root Beer…ect. • Cleaner and less dangerous chemically than plastic • However glass breaks

  8. Marketing • Mature market business. • Industry sales associated with population growth. • Geographical business. • Product is heavy and large in volume, major raw materials (sand, soda ash and limestone) • production facilities need to be close to their markets. • Glass furnace—100s of tons of glass • Factories run 24/7. • +/- 3% change in production rates. • High costs • The marketing challenge • predict and influence demand both in the short + long term • High level of consumer acceptance and is perceived as a “premium” quality packaging format.

  9. Recycling of Glass Bottles • Americans throw away enough glass bottles ever two weeks to fill the, 1,350 foot towers of the world trade center • This is the process of turning used glass, back into usable glass • You have to separate glass by chemical composition, and sometimes color

  10. Facts • Most bottles and jars already contain 25% recycled glass • Glass NEVER wears out, it lasts forever • Recycling glass reduces pollution by 14-20%

  11. What actually Happens • Glass is sorted • Put in different colored piles • Glass cleaned and crushed in small pieces called cullet • Cullet transported to plant and mixed with sand, soda ash and limestones • After mixture is complete, it is then put in a furnace that reaches temp. of 2800 • Melted glass is dropped into a glass forming machine • Mold is then removed, then glass is cooled and inspected.

  12. Sites • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass#Glass_ingredients • http://www.consol.co.za/irj/go/km/docs/site/pages/gathering_raw_materials.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_oxide • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corundum • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate

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