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Limited Slip Differential

Limited Slip Differential. MAE442 Dr. Klang David Starnes – Technical Specialist Matt Barbeau – Design Specialist William Morrison – Team Management Specialist. Outline. Introduction History Types of Differentials -Conventional/Open Differential -Clutch Type Limited Slip Differential

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Limited Slip Differential

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  1. Limited Slip Differential MAE442 Dr. Klang David Starnes – Technical Specialist Matt Barbeau – Design Specialist William Morrison – Team Management Specialist

  2. Outline • Introduction • History • Types of Differentials -Conventional/Open Differential -Clutch Type Limited Slip Differential -Viscous Type Limited Slip Differential -Double Reduction Differential -Automatic and Manual Locking • Dissassembled Differential Pictures

  3. Introduction: • Limited Slip Differentials (LSD) can be found on most modern cars and trucks. • Helps prevent the “wind up” phenomenon. • Varying types of differentials depending on the application.

  4. History • Early use of the differential was to track the phase of the moon. • 1st century BC- The Antikythera mechanism contains a planer differential. This device was found in a shipwreck just outside of the city of Crete. • 1827- Watchmaker Onésiphore Pecqueur patented the modern automobile differential.

  5. History cont. • 1832 - Richard Roberts of England patents ‘gear of compensation’ for road locomotives. • 1876 - James Starley invents the chain driven differential for bicycles. • 1897 – David Shearer uses the first automotive differential on an Australian steam car.

  6. History cont • 1950-1960 – Many manufactures began to apply brand names to their limited slip differential units. The most famous was Chevrolet’s “Positraction”. • 1997- The first active differential was used in a production car; it was found in the Honda Prelude SH and was called the “Active Torque System”. • 2005 – A fully integrated active differential is used on the MR Farri F430. A similar system is also used on the Acura RL.

  7. Consists of two side gears inside of the differential case. Found standard on most cars and SUVs All of the gears found inside of the differential case are directly connected to a shaft which is pinned into the case. Conventional/Open Differential:

  8. Conventional/Open Differential cont Advantages • Great on paved roads • Predictable power distribution on dry surfaces • Easy to drive and handle • Simplicity of design • Lower maintenance costs

  9. Conventional/Open Differential cont Disadvantages • Poor off-road handling • Unpredictable power distribution on lower friction surfaces, such as sand or mud • Does not work if one of the wheels in the set is suspended in the air.

  10. Clutch Type LSD

  11. Clutch Type LSD cont. • In this clutch type, there is a built in clutch preload • The amount of preload determines how much tractive force will be transferred to the opposite tire during low speed operation. • As load the applied increases, the separation forces between the spider gears and the side gears increase the clutch loading. • Therefore, the amount of preload is a critical design factor in low speed operation.

  12. Viscous Type Limited Slip Advantages • Smooth torque transfer • Limited “wind up” at low speed • More proportional response due to slip • Easy to drive

  13. Viscous Type Limited Slip cont. Disadvantages • Fluid can break down with time • Less efficient than a conventional differential • Higher associated maintenance

  14. Double Reduction Differentials Advantages • Great for industrial purposes • High output torque • Relatively non-complex

  15. Double Reduction Differentials cont Disadvantages • Lower mechanical efficiency • Not good for lightweight vehicles • Not the most adaptive design

  16. Advantages Good for off road purposes Can be turned on and off according to driver preference Can save a driver the expense of always using four-wheel drive Higher efficiency compared to a viscous differential Disadvantages Either on or off, no in between The manual locking differential may only be turned on when the car is at rest Not good for unpredictable road conditions Automatic and Manual Locking

  17. Pictures of Differential Disassembly • Taken from a 1995 Dodge Stealth VR4. • Car was used for drag racing with heavy loads on the differential. • No damage to differential, showing ruggedness of design

  18. Reference Web Sites • http://media.popularmechanics.com/images/vcoupling-sm.jpg • www.autozine.org/technical_school/traction/tech_pic_traction_diff_lock.jpg • http://www.4wdonline.com/A/PiCs37/diff.jpg • http://chevy.tocmp.com/1942_47shop/files/4247csm422c.jpg • http://www.autozine.org/technical_school/traction/tech_pic_traction_viscous_2.jpg

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