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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Parts. Lungs Air passages. Functions. Takes in oxygen Removes carbon dioxide Body has 4-6 minute supply of oxygen. Air Passages Nose. 2 nostrils or nares Nasal septum Divides nose into 2 nasal cavities Lined With mucous membrane with a rich blood supply Functions

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System

  2. Parts • Lungs • Air passages

  3. Functions • Takes in oxygen • Removes carbon dioxide • Body has 4-6 minute supply of oxygen

  4. Air PassagesNose • 2 nostrils or nares • Nasal septum • Divides nose into 2 nasal cavities • Lined • With mucous membrane with a rich blood supply • Functions • Warms • Moistens • Filters

  5. Cilia • Tiny hair-like structures that help move dirt trapped in mucous to the esophagus • Olfactory Receptor • Receptors for sense of smell • Lacrimal Ducts • Tear ducts • Drain tears from the eye into the nose

  6. Olfactory Receptors

  7. Sinuses • Cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area • Connected to nasal cavities by short ducts • Function • Warms and moistens air • Lined with mucous membrane • Provides resonance for the voice

  8. Pharynx • Throat • Lies behind the nasal passages • 3 sections • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Laryngopharynx

  9. Larynx • Voice box • Layers of cartilage • Largest is the thyroid cartilage commonly called the Adam's apple • Contains • Vocal chords • Vibrate on exhaled air to produce sound • The tongue and lips act on the sound to produce speech • Epiglottis • Flap of cartilage that closes the larynx during swallowing and prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea

  10. Trachea • Windpipe • Series of “C” shaped cartilage to keep the tube open to the back • Divide into the right and left bronchi • Continues to divide into smaller bronchioles • End in the alveoli • Air sacs

  11. Alveoli • One cell thick and surrounded by capillaries • Look like a cluster of grapes • Allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

  12. Surfactant • Surfactant • Reduces surface pressure and prevents alveoli from collapsing

  13. Exchange of Gases

  14. Lungs • Right lung 3 lobes • Left lung 2 lobes due to the heart

  15. Pleura • Covered by a double layer sac called the pleura

  16. Ventilation • Process of breathing • Diaphragm • Muscle of respiration • Assisted by the intercostal muscles • Phases of respiration • Inspiration • Inhale • Expiration • Exhale

  17. Diaphragm Dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

  18. Process of Respiration • Controlled by the medulla oblongata in the brain • An increase in amount of CO2 in the blood , increases the rate of respiration • Both involuntary and voluntary process

  19. Stages of Respiration • External Respiration • Exchange of gases between air in the lung and the blood

  20. Internal Respiration • Exchange of gases between the blood and the cells

  21. Cellular Respiration • Use of gases to make energy, water and CO2

  22. Diseases • Asthma • Inflammation of airways with increased mucous production and muscle constriction • Cause – allergen, exercise, stress, chemical • S/S - wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, shortness of breath • Tx - bronchodilators, steroids

  23. Nebulizer Inhaler

  24. Bronchitis • Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchial tubes • Acute – infection • Chronic – longtime exposure to smoking • S/S productive cough, dyspnea, fever, chest pain • Tx – antibiotics, bronchodilators, oxygen

  25. Emphysema

  26. Emphysema • Non infectious, chronic respiratory condition when walls of alveoli deteriorate and loss elasticity • CO2 remains trapped in the alveoli • Poor exchange of gases • S/S dypnea, feeling of suffocation, barrel chest • TX – No cure

  27. Epistaxis • Nosebleed • Congested capillaries bleed • Due to injury, blowing too hard, hypertension • TX – pinch nostrils lean forward slightly

  28. Influenza • Flu • Viral infection of the lungs • Spread by respiratory droplet • S/S - fever, malaise, chills, cough, sore throat, muscle pain • Tx - symptomatic

  29. Lung Cancer • Leading cause of death of men and women • S/S no symptoms in early stages, later cough hemoptysis • Tx – surgical removal, radiation, chemotherapy

  30. Pneumonia • Inflammation or infection of the lungs • Build up of exudates (fluid) in the alveoli • S/S cough, chest pain, fever, dyspnea • Tx – antibiotics, bed rest, fluids, respiratory therapy, pain medication

  31. Rhinitis, Laryngitis, Sinusitis

  32. Tuberculosis • Infectious lung disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis • Can be walled off in a tubercle and become dormant • New strains are drug resistant • S/S fatigue, fever, night sweats, hemoptysis weight loss, chest pain • Tx - several drugs over a period of two years

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