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Neurotransmitters and Action Potentials: Impact on Neuronal Functionality

A neuron is influenced by temporal and spatial summation, responding based on neurotransmitter types. Understanding membrane potential over time is key in neuronal functionality. This helps regulate neurotransmitter functions, impacting action potential synthesis, release, binding, and more. Altering neurotransmitters, like dopamine, can lead to various effects, including addiction and CNS diseases. Neuronal interactions and processes, such as reflexes and rapid response systems, are vital in maintaining normal CNS function.

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Neurotransmitters and Action Potentials: Impact on Neuronal Functionality

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  1. 11-10-11

  2. Fig. 4-2, p. 87

  3. Fig. 4-1, p. 86

  4. Fig. 4-18, p. 106

  5. Summary of summationA neuron is likely to receive both temporal and spatial summation at the same time. The response of the neuron to this input (whether an action potential or not) depends on the type of neurotransmitters (stimulatory or inhibitory). Membrane potential time

  6. Neuronal pool--group of interacting neurons D A B C E Inhibitory neuron H G J K L If A ->E fires repetitively, with the result that the inhibitory neuron output sums temporally on G-> L, action pot. will stop at J.

  7. Normal CNS function depends on regulation of neurotransmitter function and on action potentialssynthesis-->release--> binding--> destruction--> uptake of chemical constituents--> synthesis Action potential

  8. Addictionsubstances (alcohol, drugs), activities (gambling, exercise, sex), people, etc.Activation of reward centercontinual usage leads to reduction in dopamine receptors

  9. Some possible effects of drugs/alcohol1.Transporter for dopamine blocked by cocaine and opiates, but also opiates stimulate endorphins2. Amphetamines release of dopamine3.Alcohol  release of glutamate, endorphins, serotonin, and GABA plus affects membranes4.nicotine  release of dopamine

  10. Neurotransmitters implicated in all CNS diseasesParkinson’s disease--dopamineSchizophrenia-- norepinephrinedepression, bipolar, etc.

  11. Reflexes--rapid response systemsSimple Spinal cord Afferent sensory Muscle spindle Motor neuron

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