PC Support & Repair

1. PC Support & Repair Chapter 1 Intro to the Personal Computer

2. Objectives • After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives: • Explain IT industry certifications. • Describe a computer system. • Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of: • Cases and power supplies. • Internal components. • Ports and cables. • Input devices. • Output devices. • Explain system resources and their purposes.

3. A+ Certification? • What is it? • Describe the cert, tests, jobs, etc.

4. Computer System • What does it consist of?

5. Case • Form factor • Desktop or tower • Other names: chassis, box • Protects internal components • Case fans keep equipment cool • Case grounds equipment

6. How to Choose a Case • Motherboard must fit it • Components you need must fit in it • Power Supply connection & rating • Looks, lights, etc • LED status lights • Venting • Some have many vents for air flow

7. Power Supplies • Converts AC (wall) to DC (computer) • DC is lower voltage • Rated in Watts • 250-650 watts avg. • Add up components • Get more than you need • What does a UPS do?

8. Power Supplies • What’s this?

9. Component Connectors • Keyed • Fits one way only • Color Cables & Power • Yellow +12v • Blue -12v • Orange 3.3v • Red +5v • White -5v • Black 0v GROUND

10. Power Supply to Motherboard • Current: 20 or 24 pin • Older: P8 & P9 • Could plug in wrong & fry MB

11. Molex Connector • CD/DVD & HD • 4 pin • Only fits one way

12. Berg Connector • Floppy Drive • AGP Cards • For low power items

13. Power Supplies • What’s this? • NEVER OPEN!! • CAPACITORSHOLD A CHARGEFOR A LONGTIME!!

14. Project • Power Supply Handout • Identify connectors • Answer questions • Find a power supply Handout • Use the calculator

15. Motherboards • Large circuit board • AKA system board or backplane • Buses to pass data • Form Factor • Size & shape

16. AT Form Factor- OLD • Old desktops • P8 & P9 • Too big • Power-switched • Was also Baby AT

17. ATX Form Factor- CURRENT • Current • Smaller • Mini ATX • Micro ATX • 20-pin PS connector • Layout better • No OFF switch

18. BTX Form Factor- CURRENT • 2003 • Better airflow • 7 expansion slots

19. Motherboards & Chipsets • Controls how hardware interacts with CPU & MB • Sets max amount of memory that can be installed • Defines type of connectors on MB • Northbridge • RAM, Video, CPU • Southbridge • Hard drives, sound card, USB ports, and other I/O ports

20. Project • Compare/contrast Motherboards

21. Review • What determines how much memory can be installed on a motherboard? • Chipset • What does the Northbridge chipset control? • Access to RAM, Video Card, CPU • What does the Southbridge chipset control? • HD, USB, Sound Card, I/O ports • AT or ATX…Which is a current standard? • ATX

22. Review • Other than ATX, what is another current motherboard form factor? • BTX • Which of these would determine by the form factor? SELECT 2 • Color, Size, How much memory it can take, shape • How many pin PS connector is on today’s MB? • 20 • Older AT MB connectors included what two? • P8 & P9

23. CPU • Intel & AMD • Cycles per second • MHz (millions), GHz (billions) • Fits certain socket or slot • Pins insert into socket with ZIF • Newer CPU has no pins • Many types of sockets • Fit certain CPU, see chart • Look at slide 1.4.2

24. CPU • Executes instructions • While processing data, next set of instructions are store in cache memory • Two architectures (how completes instructions) • Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) • Small set of instructions designed to execute rapidly • Old Apple CPUs • Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) • Broad set of instructions in fewer steps per operation • Intel & AMD

25. CPU • Front Side Bus • Amount of data CPU can process • 32 or 64-bit • Overclocking • Speeding up CPU • Could damage it • Throttling • Slowing down CPU • Multi-core • More than one core on a single chip • Triple-core is a quad with one core disabled

26. Cooling Systems • Stay cool • Heat will make it run slower & damage it • Case fan • Heat sink & fan for CPU • Graphics card can have fans for their GPU • Water-cooling

27. ROM • On MB • Instructions for boot & load OS • Non-volatile • Can’t modify/erase normally • ROM- info stored when made OLD • PROM- info stored after made OLD • EPROM- info stored after made; erased with UV light • EEPROM- can be erased/rewritten on board (flash)

28. RAM • Temp & volatile • SRAM used for cache • SDRAM • DDR3 SDRAM • Faster than DDR2 • Less power & heat

29. Memory Modules • SIMM • 30 or 72 pin • DIMM • 168 pin SDRAM • 184 pin DDR • 240 pin DDR2 • SODIMM • Laptops • 72 or 144 pin

30. Memory Types & Speeds

31. Cache Memory • SRAM • CPU gets faster access to data • L1 • Built into CPU • L2 *** • Next to CPU • L3 • Next to CPU • Used with high end CPU

32. Memory Error Checking • Non parity *** • Kind used today • No error checking • Parity • One bit checks for errors • ECC • Server • Can detect multiple bit errors & correct them

33. Project • Research types of RAM • CPU cache

34. Adapter Cards • Name & ID different cards • PCI 32 or 64 bit • AGP 32 bit video • PCIe replacing AGP • ISA OLD 8 or 16 bit

35. Motherboard Slots

36. Floppy Drive • Magnetic storage • 720KB OLD • 1.44MB • A:

37. Hard Drive • Magnetic storage • Spinning platters • C: • GB • RPM • SSD • No moving parts • Flash • Faster access, low power

38. Optical Drive • CD, DVD, BD • CD= 700MB • DVD= 4.3GB single layer • 8.5GB dual layer • BD= 25GB single layer • 50GB dual layer

39. Drive Interfaces • IDE OLDER 40 pin connector • EIDE OLDER 40 pin connector • For drives bigger than 512MB • 40/80 conductors in wire • SATA 7 pin connector • eSATA EXTERNAL • SCSI • Can connect up to 15 drives • 50, 68 or 80 pin connector

40. RAID • Stores data across many hard drives • Backup • Parity –Detect data errors • Striping –Writes data across multiple drives • Mirroring –Storing duplicate data to a second drive • RAID 1 mirroring (full redundancy) • RAID 5 striping

41. Project • Worksheet 1.4.7 • Extra Activity Handout

42. Ports • Name ‘em… • Serial • 9 pin • Transmits one bit at a time SLOW! • USB • 127 devices per port (using hubs) • 1.1= 12Mbps • 2.0= 480Mbps • 3.0= up to 4.8Gbps

43. Ports • Firewire • Supports up to 63 devices per port • IEEE1394a up to 400Mbps, 4 or 6 pin • Parallel • DB25, printer side is Centronics 36 pin • IEEE1284 • 8 bits at a time

44. Ports • SCSI • End point in chain must be terminated • Network • RJ45 • Fast Ethernet is 100Mbps • Gigabit is 1000Mbps • 328ft or 100m MAX cable length

45. Ports • PS/2 • 6 pin female • Audio • In, out, MIC, S/PDIF, TosLink, MIDI • Video • VGA, DVI, HDMI, S-Video, Component

46. Input Devices • Data goes into the computer • Name some input devices • What is a KVM?

47. Output Devices • From the computer to user • Name some output devices • Let’s look at monitors

48. Displays • CRT • LCD • DLP • Pixel • Dot Pitch • Distance between pixels • Native Resolution • # of pixels • 1280 x 1024 (h x v)

49. Display Resolutions

50. Multiple Monitors on One Computer • Need two video ports • Add another card (or two)