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NuSTAR – An Overview

NuSTAR – An Overview. Reiner Krücken Technische Universität München NuSTAR. Nu clear ST ructure, A strophysics and R eactions. > 800 members from 37 countries and 146 institutions. Chair of the NuSTAR Board: Thomas Nilsson (Chalmers). Annual NUSTAR Collaboration Meeting.

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NuSTAR – An Overview

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  1. NuSTAR – An Overview Reiner Krücken Technische Universität München NuSTAR

  2. Nuclear STructure, Astrophysics and Reactions > 800 members from 37 countries and 146 institutions Chair of the NuSTAR Board: Thomas Nilsson (Chalmers) Annual NUSTAR Collaboration Meeting Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  3. Low-energy QCD using chiral dynamics • Low-energy QCD is non perturbative  no analytical ab-initio calculations possible • Chiral Pertubation Theory offers possibility to study Structure and Phases of QCD Chiral extrapolation Relativistic Nuclear Energy Density Functional constraint by low-energy QCD • isospin dependent forces from chiral dynamics • natural inclusion of • 3-body interactions • tensor and spin-orbit forces • pairing interaction Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  4. Nuclei – towards a unified theoretical framework DensityFunctionalTheory RelativisticMean Field Theory Large Scale Shell Model Vlow-k, VUCOM (+3N) Greens Function Monte Carlo No Core Shell Model Coupled Cluster AV18, CD Bonn + 3N cEFT Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  5. Rn-Rp 2n New shell gaps through residual interaction 9Li δr 11Li Neutron Skins New shellgapsthrough residual interaction Soft collectivemodes (PygmyResonance) Halos Nuclear structure at the extremes of isospin ? Shell quenchingby diffuse surface Interplay Neutron stars EOS Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  6. Changing shell structure in light nuclei N=28 N=34 N=20 Ti 46 48 49 50 47 Sc Classic shells 45 Ca 43 40 42 44 46 48 54 K 39 41 New shells Ar 36 38 40 Cl 35 51 37 S 32 33 34 36 P 31 47 Si 28 29 30 44 Si (2007) Al 27 43 Al (2007) Mg 24 25 26 32 40 Mg (2007) Na 23 36 Na (2002) 34 20 21 22 Ne (2002) N=8 19 31 islandofinversion F (1999) 18 24 16 17 O (1970) deformedgroundstate 15 N (1985) newdoublymagicnuclei N=16 Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  7. Nuclear Astrophysics at FAIR FAIR will provide unique access to many nuclei relevant in explosive nucleosynthesis • rp-, p-process: • masses at & beyond the proton drip-line • (p,g), (g,p) rates r - process • r-process: • masses, half-lives • b-delayed neutron emission • (g,n), (n,g) rates • shell structure rp- process Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  8. Shell structure and the r-process • Nuclear shell structure • defines r-process path • imprinted in abundance pattern • maybe modified for exotic nuclei Pfeiffer et al. r - process robust r-process pattern  Combine accurate nuclear physics and precision astronomy to constrain astrophysical scenarios J.J. Cowan, C. Sneden, Nature 440 ( 2006) Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  9. Central Topics for NuSTAR at FAIR • Quest for the limits of existence • Halos, Open Quantum Systems, Few Body Correlations • Changing shell structure far away from stability • Skins, new collective modes, nuclear matter, neutron stars • Phases and symmetries of the nuclear many body system • Understanding the origin of the heavy elements •  unified theory (ab-initio, density functional, shell model) Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  10. The Super-FRS Central instrument for the NuSTAR program!! Fission I II Two-stage separation yields isotopic nuclear beams Fragmentation I II • High acceptance for projectile fragments and fission products • Two-stage separation for îsotopicallyclean beams • More than one order of magnitude transmission gain relative to FRS Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  11. Technical Challenges Target & Beam Catcher Cryogenics Remote Handling SC Multiplets Radiation Resistant Magnets SC Dipoles Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  12. Primary Beams • 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+ • Factor 100-1000 • R3B: (full capability) • Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams in complete kinematics Secondary Beams • up to factor 10 000 • ILIMA in CR: • Masses and Half-lives for short-lived ions NuSTAR Experiments in Modularized Start Version • Accommodate LEB experiments at available Super-FRS focal points • HISPEC: In-Flight Spectroscopy • DESPEC:Decay Spectroscopy • MATS:Penning trap system (Masses, Trap Assisted Spectroscopy) • LASPEC: LASER Spectroscopy (Spins, Moments, isotope shifts) SIS 100 Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  13. NuSTAR provisional experimental areas (discussion) Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  14. NuSTAR Experimental areas (full version) Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  15. SF Magnets for the EB / MS (LoI by India) • Energy buncher cost is covered in Module 3 • Missing building (~ 5 MEuro) in Module 4 • Can be built immediately when extra funds available • has high priority within NuSTAR and FAIR •  no delay in construction expected Quadrupole: Leff = 0.8/1.2 m RWarm = 300 mm gmax = 4.7/5.2 T/m Dipole (unit): r = 4.35 m f = 22.5° Bmax = 1.6 T W = ±350 mm G = ±100 mm Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  16. NuSTAR Experiments in Modularized Start Version • R3B: Reaction studies at the highest energies in complete kinematics • Few body correlations (halo nuclei, open quantum systems) • Dipole response (Pygmy resonance, n-skins, neutron matter, EOS) • Single-particle structure (shell-evolution, r-process path) • Fission & fragmentation dynamics (large scale collective motion, symmetry energy, EOS) • (gamma,n) reactions (r-process path) • R3B will have its full capability for rates > 1pps • High energies (> 1AGeV)  world-wide unique experiments RIB from Super-FRS Diamond Tracker Large acceptance dipole magnet Indian proposal CALIFA readout electronics Neutrons • Target • Tracker • Calorimeter Indian proposal NeuLAND RPC construction Heavy fragments Protons Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  17. NeuLAND – Neutron Detector for R3B Detector development at SINP, Kolkata MRPC detectors between iron convertors

  18. Dipole Excitations of Neutron-Rich Nuclei- Symmetry Energy, Neutron Skin, and Neutron Stars - Photoabsorption LAND collaboration A. Klimkiewicz, PRL subm. P. Adrich, PRL 95 (2005) 124Sn Coulomb excitation 130Sn P. Ring et al. 132Sn neutron skin  core vibration Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  19. Pygmy strength Asymmetry a4 [MeV] Dipole Excitations of Neutron-Rich Nuclei- Symmetry Energy, EOS and Neutron Stars - excitation of the neutron skin RQRPA N. Paar Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  20. NuSTAR Experiments in Modularized Start Version • DESPEC: decay spectroscopy using gamma-ray spectroscopy and neutron detection following isomeric or beta-decay of very exotic nuclei • Gamow Teller strength (short range correlations, nucleosynthesis, supernovae) • Structure along the proton drip-line (proton radioactivity, rp-process) • Structure of r-process nuclei (shell evolution, r-process path) • g-factors and lifetimes of isomers (evolution of shells and collectivity, nuclear shapes) • Experiments possible with stopped beams & production rates down to 1 isotope per hour • farthest reach towards the drip lines Z 100Sn (1 per hour) • Indian proposals: • Planar Ge • Neutron Detectors • Silicon Detectors A/Q Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  21. RISING on the way towards DESPEC C. Hinke, K. Eppinger et al. S.J. Steer et al., PRC (2008) A. Jungclaus et al., PRL (2007) Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  22. NuSTAR Experiments in Modularized Start Version • HISPEC: high resolution in-flight gamma-spectroscopy • Excited states in exotic nuclei • Inelastic excitation (EM, hadronic), secondary fragmentation, knock-out • Lifetimes and g-factors of short-lived excited states • (evolution of shells and collectivity) • (phase-/shape-transitions & shape coexistence) • (isospin symmetry, pn-pairing) • Experiments possible with medium-energy beams (50-100 AMeV) • Broad program for nuclei with A up to ~100 Coulex sample spectrum (RISING) Fragment beam LYCCA Reaction product identification Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  23. NuSTAR Experiments in Modularized Start Version • MATS and LASPEC: ground state properties using high-precision techniques • Penning trap system (MATS) • High-precision masses for highly charged ions • Trap-assisted and in-trap spectroscopy • Laser spectroscopy (LASPEC) • Ground state spins, moments, isotope shifts from laser spectroscopy • (evolution of shells and nuclear shapes) • (nuclear astrophysics input: masses, EC rates, GT strength) • (test of fundamental symmetries: CKM unitarity, CVC) • Stopping in and extraction from gas-cell • charge breeding & non-destructive techniques • half-life limit ~10ms • Access to refractory elements, highest precision Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  24. NuSTAR Experiments in Modularized Start Version • ILIMA in CR: mass measurements of nuclei with half-lives in the ms region • Masses of very exotic nuclei using isochronous mode & TOF technique • Half-lives via detection of decay products with particle detectors • Study of isomeric states • (shell evolution, effective interaction) • (nuclear astrophysics input: masses, half-lives) • Masses with precision ~50 keV • Many masses at same time • access to nuclei with half-lives shorter than cooling times Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  25. ILIMA in CR Super-FRS+CR enables unique program for mass and lifetime measurements of very short lived, few-electron ions In particular large areas of the r-process path can be covered Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  26. Low-energy cave and Energy Buncher • Role of Energy Buncher: • reduced range for stopping in gas-cell •  cleaner beams, further reach (MATS, LASPEC) • identification of secondary reaction products up to A~200 •  access to heavy r-process for HISPEC • slowing beams to Coulomb barrier energies for deep-inelastic & fusion reactions •  slowed beam program of HISPEC • Dedicated Low-Energy-Branch experimental area •  more efficient experimental program: • no loss of time through set-up work • access during other experimental runs (R3B) Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  27. NuSTAR programme at the NESR (Module 4) • Experiments with stored, electron cooled ion beams • World-wide unique • Conceptionally new experiments • ILIMA • electron cooled beams needed for • higher precision and separation (ground and isomeric states) • time-resolved studies (unique decay modes, e.g. bound beta decay) • studies with pure isomeric beams • EXL: Elastic and inelastic scattering, reaction with low-momentum transfer • matter distributions, monopole resonances, capture reactions, charge exchange reactions, transfer, knock-out • (n-skins, compressibility, GT-strength, shell evolution, nucl. astrophysics reactions) Vigorous R&D program and development of demonstration experiments at ESR Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  28. Electron Ion Collider (ELISe) (Phase B) • charge densities from (e,e) scattering • multipolarities of collective modes via (e,e’) scattering • single-particle structure from (e,e’N) reactions e-LINAC from RESR NESR • Future Extension: Antiproton-Ion Collider (AIC) • neutron-skin thickness • antiproton-neutron interaction • antideuterons ? Reiner Krücken - NuSTAR

  29. The aims of NuSTAR @ FAIR • Nuclear Structure Physics: • Isospin dependence of effective nuclear interaction • Modification of shell structure far off stability (role of tensor, 3-body interactions) • New effects in weakly bound & open quantum systems (halos, skins, soft modes) • Relevant symmetries, structural evolution, role of phase transitions • Nuclear Astrophysics Studies: • Nuclear properties and reaction rates in explosive nucleosynthesis • Nuclear Reaction Studies: • Investigate reaction dynamics for RIB production, spallation, ADS • Dynamics in systems with weakly bound nucleons (halos, correlations, continuum, low density nuclear matter) • Towards a unified description of nuclear structure and dynamics • Towards and understanding of the origin of the heavy elements

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