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Ottoman Empire in World War One

Ottoman Empire in World War One . Taylor, Cate and Lana . Ottoman Empire and Leadership Background. Sultan Three Pashas. Ottoman Empire. Forming of Alliance. Declarations of War and Significant Dates . Britain Regained the initiative 1916-1917.

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Ottoman Empire in World War One

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  1. Ottoman Empire in World War One Taylor, Cate and Lana

  2. Ottoman Empire and Leadership Background • Sultan • Three Pashas

  3. Ottoman Empire • Forming of Alliance

  4. Declarations of War and Significant Dates

  5. Britain Regained the initiative 1916-1917 • After the retreat from Gallipoli and the eventual surrender of the Anglo-Indian Force, London reacted by redoubling their efforts against the Middle Eastern Central Powers in 1916 • Britain was wealthy enough to have the resources the Ottoman empire couldn’t match, even with German assistance • Basra was then transformed into a modern port, after General Sir Stanley Frederick Maude equipped a large force of 150 000 men with “Modern Weapons of War” • British forces also gained a new commander in Egypt, General Sir Archibald Murray. The defense of Egypt turned into the invasion of Palestine.

  6. War on Several Fronts • Early 1917, Britain was close to eliminating Turkey from the way and enjoyed success on several fronts • “Maude’s forces” captured Baghdad (11/3/1917) • Two weeks later “Murray’s force” advance in an attempt to take Gaze to be used as a gateway to Palestine, which was at the time occupied by the ottoman empire. • The attempt to take Gaza, failed however. “Murray's” Commanders broke off battle, just before victory. • Murray” provided false reports to London, which in turn encouraged London to order another assault. The second Battle of Gaza (17-19 April) failed. • The war took a turn for the worse, because of the failure in capturing Gaza. • Allied boats were also affected greatly by Germany’s unrestricted U-boat warfare. This of course affected Britain as it threatened their ability to supply and maintain the troops. • The march revolution also led to the “paralysis of Russian Military effort against both Germany and Turkey. On the Western front, a mutiny against the French army was prompted by the failure of the Spring French offensive.

  7. The promises left Britain in a lot of difficult situations • The army was in poor state even before WW1 had started. • Sick Man of Europe “who says ‘Sick Man’ now?” (Cartoonstock)

  8. “internal fracture” • Russians had tried this already with the Armenians, ended in the tragic massacre • British turned their attentions to the Arabs

  9. Sharif Hussein • Alliance was formed between the Arabs and the British. • The revolt started on 10 June 1916.

  10. Arabs resorted to Guerilla warfare. • 1917, the Arab-British forces captured the • Red Sea port of Aqabah • Palestine • Syria • Ottoman army was depleted • Started with 800,000 men and now only was 100,000

  11. Due to the Russian Revolution the Ottomans were able to retake their lost territory • After 1916 army desertions took place on a massive scale, and economic pressures become acute. • Although the Ottoman Government requested armistice on the 30th October 1918

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