Archaebacteria

1. Archaebacteria

2. These organisms lack a nucleus. PROKARYOTIC

3. Where are archaebacteria found? In Extreme Environments • Geysers • Nuclear Reactors • Volcanoes • Ocean Floor Vents • Intestines of Cows

4. O2 Some are anaerobic, which means they can survive withoutOXYGEN.

5. Archaebacteria phyla Methanogens are characterized by their ability to harvest energy by converting H2 and CO2 into methane gas. They are obligate anaerobes, meaning they cannot live in the presence of oxygen. They are found in marshes and in the intestinal tracts of humans and some animals (cows, for example).

6. Archaebacteria phyla Halophiles are organisms are named because they are salt-loving. Though salt kills most bacteria, it helps the extreme halophiles to thrive. They are found in the Dead Sea, the Great Salt Lake, and other areas with a high salt content.

7. Archaebacteria phyla Thermoacidophiles are found in extremely acidic conditions and in areas with very high temperatures. They can survive in areas with temperatures as high as 230 degrees Fahrenheit and with pHs below 2 (hydrochloric acid, which is incredibly strong, has a pH of 1). These locations include volcanic vents and hydrothermal vents (cracks in the ocean floor where scalding water leaks out).

8. Eubacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan. peptido glycan protein sugar

9. Eubacteria

10. Harmful ?? Helpful ??

12. Anthrax Bacillus anthracis

13. Strep Throat Streptococcus

14. Food Poisoning Bacillus cereus

15. Diarrhea, urinary tract infections Escherichia coli

16. Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus Aureus (Staph), is a bacteria commonly found in the nose, mouth, rectum or genital area. The bacteria are harmless until they enter the body through a cut, scrape or other break in the skin. Staphylococcus Aureus infections can invade and attack any part of your body, from your skin, eyes and nails to the inner lining of your heart.

17. Tetanus Clostridium tetani • Stiffness of the neck, jaw, and other muscles, often accompanied by a grotesque, grinning expression. • Irritability. • Uncontrollable spasms of the jaw and neck muscles. • Painful, involuntary contraction of other muscles.

18. Lyme DiseaseBorrelia burgdorferi fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans. If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system.

19. BotulismClostridium botulinum

20. Gangrene Gangrene may be caused by a variety of chronic diseases and post-traumatic, post-surgical, and spontaneous causes. There are three major types of gangrene: dry, moist, and gas (a type of moist gangrene).

21. SyphillisTreponema pallidum. secondary primary tertiary

22. Chlamydia trachomatis

23. Finding a cure for Bacterial Infections

24. Helpful

25. A huge number of bacteria are __________________. Bacteria that live in the soil also recycle ______________ and ________ , and other chemical elements while decomposing matter. Decomposers decomposers carbon, nitrogen, sulfur

26. Some bacteria are helpful. They are used in making things like… • Yogurt • Cheese • Cottage cheese • Buttermilk • Sour Cream • Wine Fermentation!!

27. Cyanobacteria

28. plants bacteria Almost all relationships between cyanobacteria and their symbiotic organism are said to be Mutualistic

29. Nitrogen fixation– Azolla (symbiotic with legumes) and Anabaena (symbiotic with ferns) The fern houses colonies of the cyanobacterium Anabaena in its leaves, where it fixes nitrogen. The ferns then provide an inexpensive natural fertilizer and nitrogen source for plants when they die at the end of the season. Pond Scum Lyngbya- Many species of cyanobacteria produce populations that are toxic to humans and animals. A species of Lyngbya is responsible for one of the skin irritations commonly known as "swimmer's itch." Food Spirulina …African flamingos get their pink color from eating Spirulina.  It has also long been valued as a food source; it is high in protein, and can be cultivated in ponds quite easily. In tropical countries, it may be a very important part of the diet. Color Cyanobacteria also form symbiotic relationships with many fungi, forming complex symbiotic "organisms" known as lichens. Cyanobacteria

32. Now the FACTS

34. Flagellum Cell Wall Endospore Plasma membrane Ribosomes DNA Plasmid Other types of DNA found in some bacteria

35. Most are unicellular (single celled). Few live in clusters or groups.

36. Bacteria like to live in warm moist environments.

37. Shapes Key Cocci – round Bacilli – rod Spirilli – spiral Strepto – chains Staphylo – clusters Diplo - pairs prefix

42. Most bacteria get their food by eating other things. They are consideredHeterotrophs. Remember: The largest group of bacterial heterotrophs are decomposers.

43. Bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan. peptido glycan protein sugar

44. How do bacteria move? Some have a flagellum.

45. Others develop endospores and float through the air.

46. Bacteria reproduce through mitosis. In bacteria it is called binary fission.

47. Binary fission is the same thing as mitosis. Binary fission is asexual reproduction sexual reproduction or

48. E.Coli 30 minutes 30 minutes Scientists love to use this in biotechnology!!

49. Bacteria can also swap or pass on their genetic information without dividing. This is called … Conjugation Some say this is a type of sexual reproduction.