1. Kingdom Archaebacteria Taxonomy Life Science

2. Five Kingdom System • 20 years ago, bacteria were all grouped in the same kingdom: Monera. • With advances in molecular biology and DNA technology, scientists discovered that archaebacteria had cells that were intermediate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. • So, a sixth kingdom was added for these more advanced prokaryotic organisms: Archaebacteria

3. How are archaebacteria different from eubacteria? • No peptidogylcan in cell walls • Unique lipid bilayer in cell membrane • RNA polymerase (protein enzyme) more similar to eukaryotes • Ribosomal protein more similar to eukaryotes • Not as diverse as eubacteria kingdom

4. Archaebacteria -achaio-comes from Greek meaning “ancient” -archaebacteria-probably evolved around the same time as eubacteria -discovered in extreme environments like deep sea volcanic trenches, boiling water, salt lakes, anaerobic conditions (without oxygen)

5. Types of Archaebacteria: • Archaebacteria can be divided into three groups: • Methanogens • Thermoacidophiles • Extreme halophiles

6. Extreme Halophiles • Salt lovers • Found in salt water where the salt concentration is much higher than the ocean • Ex. Salt lakes in Utah, the Dead Sea

7. Methanogens • Obligate anaerobes (oxygen will kill them) • take hydrogen gas and use it to convert carbon dioxide into methane gas CH4 • Produce marsh gas that can ignite causing many to believe that UFO’s are present (Everglades)

8. Thermoacidophiles • Live in conditions with extreme temperatures and low pH (acidic conditions) • Some can live in temperatures above 100 0C, which is the boiling point of water.

9. Archaebacteria -Can reproduce asexually by binary fission (Binary fission is the division of a prokaryotic cell. -Can reproduce sexually by conjugation. (During conjugation, two cells form a bridge of cytoplasm between their cell walls. They exchange genetic material through this bridge.)