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Understanding Windows

Understanding Windows. Chapter 13. Overview. In this chapter, you will learn to Explain the Windows interface Identify the features and characteristics of Windows 2000 and Windows XP Describe the current versions of Windows. CompTIA A+ Essentials. Essentials.

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Understanding Windows

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  1. Understanding Windows Chapter 13

  2. Overview • In this chapter, you will learn to • Explain the Windows interface • Identify the features and characteristics of Windows 2000 and Windows XP • Describe the current versions of Windows

  3. CompTIA A+Essentials Essentials

  4. All versions share common look and feel Utilities same or similar GUI works the same Command-line interface has similar commands Master one, and you’re well on your way to mastering them all Windows Interface

  5. User Interface • Login • Every version of Windows supports multiple users • Requiring a user login increases security • Desktop • Primary interface to the computer

  6. User Interface • Taskbar and Start menu • Runs along the bottom of the desktop and includes up to four sections • Start menu allows access to the installed programs • System tray shows programs running in the background • Quick Launch enables you to launch often-used programs with a single click

  7. User Interface • My Computer • Provides access to drives, folders, and files • Customizable: Can display different views, show hidden files, hide file extensions, and more

  8. User Interface • Windows Explorer • Another utility for accessing drives, folders, and files • My Documents • My Pictures, My Music, My Videos

  9. User Interface • Recycle Bin • Deleted files sent to Recycle Bin • Can retrieve them if desired • Size can be adjusted • My Network Places • Shows the current network connections available

  10. Hot Keys • Working with text • Function keys

  11. Hot Keys • Popular hot keys

  12. Hot Keys • Windows key shortcuts

  13. Tech Utilities: Right-Click • Also called: • Alt menu • Context menu • Works almost everywhere • Properties selection very common

  14. Tech Utilities: Control Panel • Handles maintenance, upgrade, and configuration aspects of Windows • Start|Settings|Control Panel • Contains many mini-programs, called applets • Any icon in the Control Panel is a file with a CPL extension • If Control Panel won’t start, one of these is probably corrupt—rename each one until you find the bad one

  15. Tech Utilities: Control Panel • Category view • Classic view

  16. Tech Utilities: Device Manager • Device Manager • Used to configure hardware and drivers • Devices are organized in special groups called types • Access through • System applet in Control Panel • Properties of My Computer • -Break • Computer Management

  17. Tech Utilities: Device Manager • Device Manager • Used to configure hardware and drivers • Access through • System applet in Control Panel • Properties of My Computer • -Break • Computer Management

  18. Tech Utilities: Device Manager • Device Manager • Devices are organized in special groups called types • Problems identified with red “X” or a yellow exclamation point • Can also update drivers here

  19. Tech Utilities: System Tools • System Tools is a collection of tech utilities found on the Start menu • Start | Programs| Accessories| System Tools

  20. Tech Utilities: Command Line • Command line • Start | Run| cmd • Not DOS • DOS is dead, but CLI thrives

  21. IT Technician CompTIA A+Technician IT Technician Microsoft Management Console

  22. Tech Utilities: MMC • Microsoft Management Console(MMC) • Shell program - holds utilities called snap-ins • Start | Run | mmc • Starts with blank console • Add snap-ins: File | Add/Remove Snap-ins| Add • Save the new customized console you created

  23. Tech Utilities: Administrative Tools • Administrative Tools • A folder that holds many predefined MMC consoles built by Microsoft • Control Panel | Administrative Tools • The three most used Administrative Tools are • Computer Management • Event Viewer • Performance

  24. Tech Utilities: Computer Management • Computer Management • A predefined MMC that pulls together snap-ins related to many computer management options

  25. Tech Utilities: Event Viewer • Event Viewer • Keeps track of events that happen with your computer

  26. Tech Utilities: Performance • Performance • System Monitor shows real-time data • Performance Logs and Alerts—captured data

  27. Services • Services • Separate programs that handle functions in Windows • Double-click any service to examine its properties and settings • Services start • Automatically • Manually • May be disabled

  28. OS Folders • System folder • Folder where the OS files were installed • %systemroot% • Typically C:\Windows in XP, C:\Winnt in 2000

  29. Other Important Folders • C:\Program Files • C:\Documents and Settings • C:\WINNT • C:\WINNT\FONTS • C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32

  30. What Is the Registry? • Registry • A unified database • Stores all hardware and software configuration info for the local computer • Data stored in Registry files called hives • In %SystemRoot%\System32\Config folder • Rarely modify directly • Instead modify via Control Panel or other administrative tools

  31. Registry Editors • Regedit • Older version—Allowed easy searches • Regedt32 • Newer version—better for modifying Registry • Combined version in XP and Vista • When using the Registry Editors, be very careful! • Does not recognize syntax or semantic errors • May prevent your operating system from loading

  32. REGEDIT

  33. Registry Editors • REGEDIT in Windows 2000 • Regedt32 in Windows 2000

  34. Combined in XP • Typing Regedit or Regedt32 launches same program in XP

  35. Registry Components

  36. Swap File or Page File • All versions of Windows use virtual memory • Also known as RAM cache • Windows swap files are used to implement virtual memory • Allows the system to work as though it has more memory than it does • Uses drive for extra memory

  37. Virtual Memory • More programsMore RAM • At some pointno more physical RAM available

  38. Virtual Memory • Programs swapped outof RAM to hard drive • New programs can nowbe run in physical RAM

  39. Features and Characteristics of Windows NT/2000/XP

  40. OS Organization • Windows operating system separated into different components • The subsystems • The NT Executive • The drivers

  41. Robust, scalable, cross-platform • Robust • Separates processes and runs them in different subsystems • One program bug doesn’t affect others • Cross-platform • Uses object-oriented approach • Designed to support multiple platforms by using HAL • Abstracts (separates) differences in hardware • Scalable • Supports symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) • Allows support for up to 32 CPUs

  42. NT File System (NTFS) • Robust and powerful • Long filenames containing up to 255 characters • Redundancy • Advanced FAT called the master file table (MFT) • Backward-compatible with DOS and Windows 9x • Recoverability • Uses transaction logging to survive accidental shutdowns • Security • Allows file and folder security

  43. NTFS Security Overview • Implemented with • Users, groups, permissions • Files and folders can be restricted • Permissions granted to user or group • User can gain access based on own user account • User can gain access based on group membership

  44. NTFS Security • Accounts • Every user has an account • Without an account, can’t log on • Every Windows NT/2000 PC has an Administrator account that has full access to everything

  45. NTFS Security • Groups • A group is a collection of user accounts that share the same access capabilities • Assign access to a group and then put users into the group • Users will inherit the access assigned to the group • Windows provides several built-in groups

  46. Administrators May perform all administrative tasks on the computer Backup Operators May use Windows Backup Guests May perform only specific tasks that are granted Guest account is a member Power Users May create and modify local user accounts and share resources on the local computer Replicator Supports file replication in a domain Users May perform only tasks specifically assigned Local user accounts that are created become members Everyone Built-in Groups

  47. NTFS Permissions • NTFS permissions in 2000/XP • Lists users and groups granted access to a file or folder • Lists the specific level of access allowed • Available only on volumes formatted as NTFS (Security tab) • NTFS security is effective whether a user • Gains access at the computer • Gains access over the network

  48. NTFS Special Permissions • Ownership • When you create a new file or folder you become the owner • Owners have full control • Owners can change permissions • Take Ownership permission • Enables a user to take ownership of a file or folder • Administrator account can take ownership of any files • Change Permission • Can give or take away permissions for other accounts

  49. NTFS Standard Permissions • Folder permissions • Apply to folders • File permissions • Apply to files

  50. NTFS Folder Permissions • Full Control • Enables you to do anything you want • To deny all access, deny Full Control • Modify • Cannot delete files or subfolders but may modify them • Read & Execute • Enables read files and run programs

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