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Window Safety

Window Safety. ICC Code Technology Committee September 7, 2006 Michael D. Fischer WDMA Director of Codes & Regulatory Compliance. Window Performance Issues. Natural Lighting & Ventilation Building Envelope Protection Structural, Air Infiltration, Water Penetration Impact Resistance

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Window Safety

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  1. Window Safety ICC Code Technology Committee September 7, 2006 Michael D. Fischer WDMA Director of Codes & Regulatory Compliance

  2. Window Performance Issues • Natural Lighting & Ventilation • Building Envelope Protection • Structural, Air Infiltration, Water Penetration • Impact Resistance • Energy Performance • Security • Safety Glazing/ Human Impact • Emergency Escape & Rescue • Insect Screening

  3. Emergency Escape and Rescue • Windows designated as required emergency escape and rescue openings must meet certain criteria: • Minimum opening area of 5.7sf (5.0sf grade level) • Minimum opening height of 24 inches • Minimum opening Width of 20 inches • Maximum sill height of 44 inches • Operational from inside without keys or tools (or special knowledge) • Minimum Sill Height 24” above first floor

  4. (2) 2x4 Plate (3”) 2” 2x10 Header (9”) With typical 1” installation clearance, max. window frame height = 57” Typical 8 ft. Ceiling 58” Max. R.O. Height Typical 82” Header Height 24” Floor

  5. 19 Egress Sizes Available Display Example: 3 Sizes Available Typical Double Hung / Single Hung Size Chart

  6. Minimum is NOT Optimum • R101.3 Purpose. The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements to safeguard the public safety, health and general welfare, through affordability, structural strength, means of egress facilities, stability, sanitation, light and ventilation, energy conservation and safety to life and property from fire and other hazards attributed to the built environment.

  7. Child Window Fall Factors • Inadequate supervision • Furniture placement • Urban, low-income housing • Most serious injuries occur in 3-5 year age • Non-accidental causes have been cited as significant contributing factor

  8. Child Window Fall Data • 1993 CPSC annual estimate: • 18 child fall deaths • 4500 child fall injuries • 2000 CPSC annual estimate: • 12 child fall deaths • Boston study: • 83% decrease in child fall hospitalizations between 1993 to 1995 • No deaths during the same period • New York City “Children Can’t Fly”: • 50% decrease in falls after educational and window guard programs • 96% decrease in child fall hospitalizations • National Center for Health Statistics: • Annual average reduction in child fall injuries between 1990-2000

  9. Window Fall Safety Recommendations • American Academy of Pediatrics: • Parental supervision • Screen labeling and window guard use • Operation of window from upper sash • Furniture placement • Center for Disease Control and Prevention • Window guards in upper stories

  10. Window Fall Safety Recommendations continued… • Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington: • Educational programs by physicians, community service and school groups • Window guards

  11. Window Fall Safety Recommendations continued… • Children’s Memorial Hospital Chicago, Office of Child Advocacy: • Education about insect screen • Furniture placement • Window operation • Window locks, opening limits • Window guards • Parental supervision

  12. Window Fall Safety Recommendations continued… • Consumer Product Safety Commission: • Window guards • Window stops • Upper window sash operation • Furniture placement • Kidsource: • Furniture placement • Window guards and locks, upper sash use • Parental supervision

  13. Window Fall Safety Recommendations continued… • National Safety Council: • Parental awareness and proper supervision • Furniture placement • Limit window opening • Window guard use • Oregon Health and Science University: • Furniture placement • Parental supervision

  14. Oregon Health & Science University

  15. Children’s Memorial Hospital

  16. Children’s Memorial Hospital

  17. Window Safety Efforts • 1972: New York City “Children Can’t Fly” • 1977: BOSTI/ CPSC Study “Performance Design for Safer Windows” • 1985: Screen Manufacturers’ Association (SMA) “Kids Can’t Fly Conference • 1980’s: CPSC “Protect Your Child” • 1987: National Safety Council “Humpty Dumpty” • 1992: SMA screen label format • 1992: Andersen Corporation “LookOut For Kids” • 1992: Window Safety Study Committee • 1994: CPSC Window Fall Safety Roundtable • 1997: Industry Educational Coalition • 1999: UL Study of Window Bars • 2000: ASTM Committee Formed • 2001: Istre Study

  18. Building Code History • ICBO Commentary, 1991: • “The very essence of the requirement for emergency escape windows is that a person must be able to effect escape or be rescued in a short period of time because in all probability the fire will have spread to the point where all other exit routes are blocked. Thus, time cannot be wasted to figure out means of opening rescue windows or obtaining egress through them. Thus, any impediment to escape or rescue caused by security devices, inadequate window size, difficult operating mechanisms, etc., is not permitted by the code.”

  19. Screen Manufacturer’s Association • SMA Warning Label Standards • “Kids Can’t Fly Program

  20. National Safety CouncilWindow Safety Week

  21. Accidental Deaths Caused by Fire and Flames (Conflagfration (fire) in Private Dwelling) Deaths in the age group under 10 years decreased 51% Deaths in ALL age groups decreased 33%

  22. Current Efforts • National Safety Council Window Safety Task Force • Education, Communication • Industry Window Safety Committee • Comprehensive Study Scope Complete • Harborview CDC Pilot Study Plan • 2007-2009 • Minnesota Falls and Screen Performance

  23. Denver, CO

  24. NSC Proposed Study • Participants • NSC • NFPA • AAMA • WDMA • SMA • NAHB • Other Stakeholders

  25. NSC Proposed Study Scope • Child Window Falls • Updated injury data gathering • Contributing factors study • Child fall protection devices • Emergency Escape and Rescue • Fire injury and death data • EER dimensions • Firefighter equipment and procedural issues

  26. NSC Proposed Study Scope (cont.) • Safety Glazing and Human Impact • CPCC, SGCC and GICC • Impact Resistance and Security Glazing • GSA Training Protocols • Window Coverings • WCSA • Insect Screening • SMA labeling program

  27. Required Expertise • Human Factors • Firefighter Procedures • Architecture and Design • Child Injury Specialization • Product Design • Injury Advocacy Groups

  28. Invitee List • CPSC • Kim Healy • Trauma Center Representatives • ICC • Home Safety Council • AIA • AIBD • OSFM • Industry Reps- Window Guards etc. • Code Officials and Individuals

  29. Next Steps • ICC CTC Options • Delegate Members to Participate In Outside Study • Sponsor Study • Develop Proprietary Scope • Adopt and Modify Existing Scope • Funding • Window Industry Committed to Issue

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