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Establishing a US Government-

Establishing a US Government-. To Do:. Get papers from shelf Read workbook pages 43 – 46 Answer questions. Now What?. Now that the states were independent and were no longer ruled over by a colonial governor, or the King, or Parliament, their state government had all of the power. NO POWER.

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Establishing a US Government-

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  1. Establishing a US Government-

  2. To Do: • Get papers from shelf • Read workbook pages 43 – 46 • Answer questions

  3. Now What? • Now that the states were independent and were no longer ruled over by a colonial governor, or the King, or Parliament, their state government had all of the power. NO POWER NO POWER NO POWER ALL THE POWER

  4. Establishing a US Government • New states wanted a confederation, in which each state would maintain its sovereignty while being loosely unified as a nation. • Congress drafted the Articles of Confederation- The first govt. of the US. A “firm league of friendship” • Worked well during the Revolutionary War when all of the colonies had a common goal. • ***The Articles of Confederation were ineffective (did not work well) because the national government did not have enough power to lead the country.

  5. Who’s in Charge? • A football team with no coach! • The states did not have to answer to anyone.

  6. Weakness of the Articles of Confederation • No National Army during peace • No federal power to tax • No Single National Currency • No regulation of interstate commerce • No Executive Leadership (no President) • Each State had Equal Vote in Congress • Required Unanimous Vote to Amend Why did our founders make a government that was so weak?

  7. Why so weak? • The colonist were afraid of having another oppressive govt. like they had under British rule. So, they made their govt. weak on purpose. • Founders believed that people are naturally inclined toward evil so we need to make sure that we don’t give the government too much power that they could abuse. Articles of Confederation British Govt.

  8. Example of Weakness • After war, Britain cut off trade to the US, which caused an economic depression • Massachusetts raised taxes to pay war debts. This outraged a farmer and veteran named Daniel Shay who led farmers in an armed rebellion. • Without a national army to put down the rebellion Mass. had to deal with the conflict on its own. • Shay’s Rebellion made it clear to all the states that they needed a stronger central government.

  9. Good things about the “Articles of Confederation” • Able to fight and win a war, then end the American Revolution (Treaty of Paris 1781) • Land Ordinance—created steps to add new states • Northwest Ordinance—outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory

  10. The Constitutional Convention • Seeing the weaknesses of their first government, the Articles of Confederation, the colonies decided to meet in Philadelphia and revise the A of C. • They eventually created a whole new government under the US Constitution. • These writers (framers) of the Constitution are known as our Founding Fathers

  11. Who was there? • James Madison- “Father of Constitution” came with a plan • George Washington- presided over convention • Benjamin Franklin • Alexander Hamilton • Just to name a few…

  12. You can’t trust people with power! • “If men were angels, no government would be necessary.” ~ James Madison • “In questions of power, then, let no more be heard of confidence in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution.” ~Thomas Jefferson

  13. Principles of the Constitution • Limited Government- govt. can’t infringe on your rights • Democracy – the govt. gets its power from the people • Republic- people get a say in govt. by electing representatives • Separation of Powers-each branch has certain powers, NO branch has ALL power • checks and balances- each branch can “check” or “balance” the power of another branch~ Montesquieu (French philosopher)

  14. Checks and Balances Separation of Powers Power POWER Power Power

  15. Federalism • Federalism- two levels of government share power • Federal (National) government shares power with State governments Federal Government State Governments

  16. Federalism • Federal Govt. Powers- delegated powers • Ex: declaring war, treaties, print money, post offices, etc. • StateGovt. Powers- reserved powers • Ex: public schools, local governments, elections, traffic laws, etc. • SharedPowers- concurrent powers • Ex: Make laws, roads, taxes, courts, etc.

  17. FederalismEx: Two court systems • Federal Court State Court

  18. Federalism • http://www.usatestprep.com/movies/428/2304/724

  19. Federalism Federal Government Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power State Government State Government State Government Power Power Power Power

  20. Not a Democracy • Democracy- rule by the people • The founders were afraid of the uncontrolled will of the people. • So they created an indirect election of senators and the electoral college.

  21. Plans & Compromises • Much debate on the new set of laws led to many compromises.

  22. Virginia Plan • Virginia Plan - 3 branches of government (legislative, judicial, executive) developed by James Madison • Legislative branch- 2 houses where number of representatives were determined by population • Which states would like this?

  23. New Jersey Plan • New Jersey Plan - 3 branches of government • Legislative branch- 1 house where each state got 1 vote Which states would like this?

  24. The Great Compromise • The Great compromise aka the Connecticut Plan – Legislative branch with 2 houses • House of Representatives- number of seats based on population • Senate- 2 seats per state – equal representation • Both houses equal Congress

  25. Another compromise • Should slaves be counted as part of state’s population? • Southern states- Yes • Northern states- No • Three-fifths Compromise- each slave would count as 3/5ths of a person towards a state’s population. • 5 slaves = 3 people

  26. Ratification • In 1787 the Constitution was completed and was then sent to the 13 states for them to ratify (approve).

  27. Sections of Constitution

  28. Preamble We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

  29. Article I – Legislative Branch (Makes Laws) • Article I- est. legislative branch (aka Congress)- make laws • House of Representatives- seats based on population (435 members) • Senate- 2 seats per state (100 members) Senators were chosen by the state legislators. Today, because of the 17th amendment, congressmen are elected by the people of their state.

  30. Congress Senate House of Representatives 25 yr old Elected every 2 yrs Start tax bills Impeach federal officials Vote for president if there is a tie in electoral college • 30 yr old • Elected every 6 years • Approve presidential nominations • Approve treaties

  31. Congress House of Representatives Senate

  32. CAPITOL BUILDING CAPITOL ROTUNDA HOUSE CHAMBER SENATE CHAMBER “CAPITOL HILL”

  33. Inside the Senate Chamber… SENATORS

  34. SC’s two Senators Senior Senator Lindsey Graham, R Junior Senator Tim Scott, R

  35. Inside the House Chamber…

  36. Another view of House Chamber

  37. SC’s Congressional Districts

  38. SC Congressional District Seven Tom Rice-Republican

  39. Article II – Executive Branch (Enforces Laws) • President is head of this branch • Agencies under Executive Branch: Military, FBI, CIA, FDA, USDA, DSS, DEA, FEMA, Post Office, Social Security Administration, Dept. of Treasury, Transportation, Labor, Energy, Homeland Security…just to name a few. • Electoral college- body of delegates that meets solely to elect the president and VP • Today mainly a formality

  40. Article III- Judicial Branch (Interprets Laws) • Creates court system • Federal judges are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate. • Supreme Court- highest court in country

  41. John Marshall • Chief justice John Marshall, a Federalist, helped make court decisions that expanded and strengthened the power of the federal government • Court decision- Marbury v. Madison – established Judicial Review- (the Supreme Court’s power to declare laws “unconstitutional”)

  42. Checks and Balances Foldable • Using the information in the chart on page 181, Create a pyramid foldable explaining the checks and balances on each branch of government.

  43. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Federalists- believe in strong centralgov’t, favored constitution • Anti-federalists- feared a strong national government, believe in stronger state governments, opposed constitution

  44. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • The Constitution was sent to special state conventions for ratification (approval) • Men like Alexander Hamilton and James Madison wrote a series of essays called the Federalists Papers to persuade New York to ratify the Constitution. • The Federalists won and the Constitution was passed. • Today judges and lawyers use these essays to help interpret the meaning of the Constitution

  45. The Federalist Papers • “The accumulation of all powers legislative, executive and judiciary in the same hands, whether of one, a few or many, and whether hereditary, self appointed or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.” -- The Federalist No. 47

  46. The Federalist Papers • “But what is government but the greatest of all reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: You must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place, oblige it to control itself. A dependence on the people is no doubt the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions.” – The Federalist No. 51

  47. Still not enough • Although the new Constitution was much better than the A of C, many states would not approve it. • They wanted laws that would protect people’s civil liberties. • The Bill of Rights- first 10 amendments (additions) to the Constitution, guaranteed certain rights

  48. The Bill of Rights The First 10 Amendments

  49. Bill of Rights • First 10 Amendments to Constitution • Added to the Constitution to protect people from an abusive government • Strongly supported by the Anti-Federalists

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