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New Mexico

new mexico history

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New Mexico

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  1. The Spanish Conquest TENOCHTITLAN TO HAWIKUH TO SAN GABRIEL, 1519-1598

  2. Concepts: Conquest/colonization, Tenochtitlan, Hawikuh, Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Juan de Onate, Acoma Revolt, Diego de Vargas • What is meant by the terms “conquest” and “colonization”? • What were Spaniards’ motivations for conquest? • What type of model was established by “la Reconquista”? Cortes’ conquest of Tenochtitlan? • Why did Spanish explorers turn their attention to the north? What did they hope to find? • What were the main successes and failures of the Coronado expedition? • How was it viewed by Pueblo peoples? • Why did the Spanish once again turn to the north in the decades following Coronado? • How should we characterize the legacy of Juan de Onate? • Acoma Revolt, 1599

  3. Timeline 1492: Spanish Reconquest of Iberia 1540, 41: Tiguex War 1492: Columbus arrives in the Caribbean 1598: Onate founds Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico 1521: Conquest of Tenochitlan 1598: Acoma War, Onate 1527 – 1537: Travels of Alvaro Nunez Cabeza de Vaca 1606: Onate banished from New Mexico 1680: Pueblo Revolt, Spanish driven from New Mexico 1539: Niza’s expedition 1540: First expedition of Coronado 1698: Reconquest of New Mexico led by Diego de Vargas 1540: Conquest of Hawikuh

  4. Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca and the slave Estebanico were among four survivors of an ill-fated 1527 journey to Florida. They returned to Mexico-Tenochtitlan in 1536.

  5. "Cabeza de Vaca's journey to this extraordinary world ends up in a very ordinary world, a world of Spanish slavers and Indian victims. But in between, in that moment, there was a vision of how something else might have happened. That never would really fully happen, but would appear in glimpses again and again, as Indians and whites interacted in the continent.” Historian Richard White, in Ken Burns’ The West

  6. Brief history of the Iberian Peninsula Phoenicians Greeks Romans Visigoths

  7. Muslim impact on the Iberian Peninsula Muslim Conquest Berber Muslims of North Africa Umayyad Dynasty Islamic Culture and rule Jews and Christians

  8. “La Reconquista”  Started almost immediately  Most active period 850 – 1250  Idea of “reconquest”  Erosion of Muslim political unity  Adelantos  Feudal arrangements  Hyper-masculine, hyper-catholic, and rigidly hierarchical  Limpieza de sangra

  9. European Age of Exploration Motivations Marco Polo Renaissance Prince Henry the Navigator

  10. Christopher Columbus Contract with the Catholic Kings Miscalculations Report on what he found Subsequent events Setting the stage for extended contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans

  11. Conquest of Mexico Hernan de Cortes Geronimo de Aguilar Malintzin

  12. Maya and Aztec Kingdoms Cortes’ route from Cuba to Mexico

  13. Conquest of Tenochtitlan, 1521 Cuauhtemoc Moctezuma

  14. Chinampas

  15. Codex Borbonicus Codex Mendoza

  16. The Columbian Exchange Columbus, de Gama, and Zheng He!

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