1. Federalist 10 Woll page 165

2. Background • James Madison • Factions = political parties, interest groups • Dangerous to freedom • Destroy stable government • Developed outside original constitutional framework • Special consideration for political science

3. Promise of the union is to break and control violence of factions • Past tells us that out of control factions destroy government • Measures are to often decide by the force of the majority • How to cure mischiefs of factions…

4. Remove the cause or control the effects • Remove the cause by abolishing liberty • Abolishing liberty is folly • Control effects by getting every faction to conform to the same • Conformity is impractical • Factions are in the nature of man

5. Governments exist to regulate the various interferences • Man cannot judge his own interest • The most powerful faction must be expected to prevail • Therefore we can’t stop causes; we must control effects

6. Minority factions are not a threat • The effects of majority factions are the main point of the paper • Either must stop majority to from growing or must stop majority from success • Morality nor religion can stop it • Pure democracy fails

7. Pure democracy is a small group of citizens who administer government in person • Pure democracy have been found to be short lived, turbulent, don’t secure rights • Republic is the cure against factions • Forms differ in size of government and number of citizens

8. Representatives must respond to the people’s view • Reps need votes • More reps (not too many) protects factions from taking hold • More citizens and territory take in greater variety of parties and interests

9. More successful in national government than state government • Challenging questions and example factions have been answered • The solution and conclusion is we need to be republican and federalist