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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Anatomy & physiology. Functions of the Respiratory System. Gas Exchange. Organs of the Respiratory System. Upper Respiratory Tract Nose Pharynx Larynx Lower Respiratory Tract Trachea Bronchi Lungs . Nose . framework composed of bone & cartilage

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System Anatomy & physiology

  2. Functions of the Respiratory System Gas Exchange

  3. Organs of the Respiratory System • Upper Respiratory Tract • Nose • Pharynx • Larynx • Lower Respiratory Tract • Trachea • Bronchi • Lungs

  4. Nose • framework composed of bone & cartilage • 2 nostrils called: external nares • where air enters the nasal cavity • rt & lt separated by nasal septum • site of nose bleeds @ internal edge: internal nares

  5. Pharynx • throat • 3 divisions: • Nasopharynx • begins @ internal nares end of soft palate • Oropharynx • edge of soft palate  hyoid bone • Laryngopharynx • hyoid bone  upper edge of esophagus

  6. 3 Parts of the Pharynx

  7. Larynx • “voice box” • Cartilage • Parts: • Epiglottis • Glottis • Thyroid cartilage • Cricoid cartilage

  8. Larynx • moves upward when you swallow  • tips epiglottis over the glottis (opening of trachea) • allows food  esophagus (--/ down trachea to lungs) • if not swallowing: glottis is open allowing air  lungs • http://www.linkstudio.info/images/portfolio/medani/Swallow.swf

  9. Trachea “windpipe”

  10. Trachea rings of cartilage maintain its shape to prevent it from closing forks into 2 bronchi

  11. Bronchus each enters a lung where it branches into smaller & smaller bronchioles resembling an inverted tree

  12. Bronchioles • fine tubes that allow passage of air • smooth muscle surrounds them when contracts airways constrict • epithelium covered with cilia & mucus • mucus traps dust, particulates • cilia beat upward removing trapped particles from airways (moves particles ~1-3 cm/hr)

  13. Bronchioles

  14. Gas Exchange in Lungs

  15. Gas Exchange in Lungs

  16. Pulmonary Function Tests “PFTs” subject breathes into a closed system in which air is trapped w/in a bell floating in water bell moves up when patient exhales / down when they inhale

  17. Pulmonary Function Tests • Tidal Volume: • amt of air expired • Vital Capacity: • max amt of air that can forcefully exhaled after a max inhalation

  18. Spirogram

  19. Anatomical Dead Space not all inspired air will get into lungs exhaling does not force all air out of the body

  20. Hemoglobin helps transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, & buffer blood as carbon dioxide leaves cells & diffuses thru interstial fluid then into capillary it combines with water to form carbonic acid

  21. Hgb Loading & Unloading Oxygen

  22. Respiratory pH Balance

  23. Respiratory Acidosis hypoventilation accumulation of CO2 in tissues pH decreases plasma HCO3- increases

  24. Respiratory Alkalosis hyperventilation excessive loss of CO2 pH increases plasma HCO3- decreases CO2 in blood increases

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