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Statement of the Hypothesis

Statement of the Hypothesis. H R 1 Planned outdoor learning experiences, twice a week for 4 weeks, will lead to increased gains in the science learning of 25 fourth graders at P.S. X, as measured by pre and post learning experiences questionnaires. . Method. Participants

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Statement of the Hypothesis

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  1. Statement of the Hypothesis HR1 Planned outdoor learning experiences, twice a week for 4 weeks, will lead to increased gains in the science learning of 25 fourth graders at P.S. X, as measured by pre and post learning experiences questionnaires.

  2. Method Participants • Twenty-five fourth graders from P.S. X, a Title 1 public school • (N) Teachers from P.S. X • Two Brooklyn Botanic Garden Instructors

  3. Method Instruments • Consent Forms • Surveys • Interviews • Pre and Post Activities

  4. References Barratt, E., Barratt, R., & Scott, W. (2007, September 4). Engaging children: research issues around participation and environmental learning. Environmental Education Research, Vol.13(4), 529-544. (ERIC Document) Retrieved October 2, 2009, from ERIC database. Bourdeau, V. (2008, September). Inquiry goes outdoors: what can we learn at the pond? Science Scope, 64-67. (ERIC Document) Retrieved October 2, 2009, from ERIC database. Broda, H. (2007). Schoolyard enhanced learning: using the outdoors as an instructional tool k-8. Maine: Stenhouse. Carrier, S. (2009, March 1). Environmental education in the schoolyard: learning styles and gender. Journal of Environmental Education, 40(3), 2-12. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ830534) Retrieved September 17, 2009, from ERIC database. Carrier, S. (2009 Spring). The effects of outdoor science lessons with elementary school students on preservice teachers’ self efficacy. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 35-48. (ERIC Document) Retrieved October 6th, 2009, from ERIC database.

  5. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience in education. Touchstone, 2, 25. • Dillon, J., Morris, M., O’Donnell, L., Reid, A., Rickinson, M., & Scott, W. (2005). • Engaging and learning with the outdoors – the final report of the outdoor classroom in a rural context action research project.Slough: National Foundation for Education Research. • Dillon, J., Rickinson, M., Teamey, K., Morris, M., Young Choi, M.-Y., Sanders, D., Benefeild, P. (2006). The value of outdoor learning: evidence from research in the UK and elsewhere. School Science Review, 87, 107-111. • Dyment, J. (2005). Green school grounds as sites for outdoor learning: barriers and opportunities. Internation Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 28-45. (ERIC Document) Retrieved October 9th, 2009, from ERIC database. • Foran, A. (2005). The experience of pedagogic intensity in outdoor education. Journal of experiential education, 147-163. (ERIC Document) Retrieved November 7, 2009, from ERIC database. • Haines, S. (2006 Summer). Outdoor classrooms - planning makes perfect. Science and Children, 44-48. (ERIC Document) Retrieved October 2, 2009, from ERIC database. • Johnson, C. (2009). An examination of effective practice: moving toward elimination of achievement gaps in science. Journal of Science Teacher Education, Vol. 20, 287-306. (ERIC Document) Retrieved November 1, 2009, ERIC database.

  6. Lord, T. (2008, March/April). If you go down to the woods today… Journal of College Science Teaching, 90-93. (ERIC Document) Retrieved October 2, 2009, from ERIC database. Learning outside the classroom manifesto. (2006). Nottingham: Crown Macdonald, M., Sloan, H., Miele, E., Powell, W., Silvernail, D., Kinzler, R., Hong, J., & Simon, C. (2008). Improving urban earth science education: the TRUST model. Journal of Geoscience Education, 269-279. Retrieved December 3, 2009, from Journal of Geoscience Education. Maynard, T. & Waters, J. (2007 October). Learning in the outdoor environment and missed opportunity? Early Years, 255-265. (ERIC Document) Retrieved October 9th, 2009, from ERIC database. McNally, S. (2009, May 29). Taking classroom into great outdoors; a new breed of teacher is emerging that combines classroom learning with pertinent field trip and resources focused on the environment and the active role of students. The Gazette (Montreal), A12. (LexisNexis Document) Retrieved October 2, 2009, from LexisNexis database. Potter, G., & Ritz, W. (2006, October 1). Sense of wonder science. Science and Children, 44(2), 40-42. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ758283) Retrieved September 17, 2009, from ERIC database. Simmons, D. (1998). Using natural settings for environmental education: perceived benefits and barriers. Journal of Environmental Education, 29(3), 23-31. (ERIC Document) Retrieved October 11th, 2009, from ERIC database

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