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Transport and Climate Change: Priorities for World Bank-GEF Projects

Transport and Climate Change: Priorities for World Bank-GEF Projects. Todd M. Johnson World Bank. March 31, 2003. Transport Sector in Developing Countries. Transport is a major source of GHGs and is projected to increase (UNFCCC)

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Transport and Climate Change: Priorities for World Bank-GEF Projects

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  1. Transport and Climate Change: Priorities for World Bank-GEF Projects Todd M. Johnson World Bank March 31, 2003

  2. Transport Sector in Developing Countries • Transport is a major source of GHGs and is projected to increase (UNFCCC) • GEF Operational Program on Transport (OP11) established to address this sector

  3. Urban Transport & Climate Change Strategy for World Bank/GEF • World Bank Urban Transport Strategy • GEF OP11 Priorities • Overlap & Synergies • Recommended priorities for urban transport & climate change for World Bank/GEF projects

  4. GEF Operational Program #11:Original Scope • Modal shifts to more efficient and less polluting forms of public and freight transport • Traffic management and avoidance • Increased use of cleaner fuels • Non-motorized transport • Low or no emission technologies • Fuel cell or battery operated 2- and 3 wheelers • Hydrogen powered fuel cell or battery operated vehicles • Internal combustion engine – electric hybrid buses • Converting biomass feedstock to liquid fuels

  5. Table 3. Overlap Between the Bank’s UTS and Initial OP11 Priorities Four Key Elements of World Bank UTS Review (i) Structural land-use changes (ii) Improved operational efficiency of transport modes (iii) Better focusing of pro-poor interventions (iv) PIF Reforms Priorities of the GEF OP11 (i) Modal shifts     (ii) NMT     (iii) Fuel-cell or battery-operated 2- or 3-wheel vehicles     (iv) Hydrogen- powered fuel cells or battery-operated public or freight vehicles     (v) ICE-electric hybrid vehicles     (vi) Advanced biofuels     Key: Minimal. overlap - ; Some overlap - ; Maximum overlap - . Key: Minimal overlap-- ; Some overlap-- ; Maximum overlap--.

  6. Overlap Between the Bank's UTS and the Revised OP11 Priorities World Bank Urban Transport Strategy Review Four Key Elements (i) Structural land use changes (ii) Improved operational efficiency of transport modes (iii) Better focusing of pro-poor interventions (iv) Policy, institutional & fiscal reforms Priorities of GEF/STAP for Modal Shifts to Sustainable Urban Transport Modes (i) Public Rapid Transit     (ii) Transport Demand Management     (iii) NMT     (iv) Land-Use Planning     Key: Minimal. overlap - ; Some overlap - ; Maximum overlap - .

  7. Climate Change Benefits of Public TransportationImpact of an Additional Bus (IEA – 2002) • Standard bus: 65% reduction in fuel use/CO2 • Euro II clean bus: 65-70% reduction in fuel use/CO2 • Euro IV clean bus: 65-70% reduction in fuel use/CO2 • Zero-emissions bus: 70% reduction in fuel use/CO2 Most of the GHG reduction benefit is achieved by moving to buses – the technology employed plays a minor role from a GHG perspective.

  8. Preserve and Expand NMT Options • Motorized transport development and safety concerns often reduce existing NMT usage • Low capital investment requirements make bike and pedestrian transport accessible to low income groups • NMT has a negative image in many countries

  9. Environmental Impacts • Transport (and other small sources) account for a disproportionately higher share of local air pollution impacts compared to total emissions • Local damages usually much greater than global damages in developing countries

  10. WB/GEF Transport Projects • Marikina Bikeways, Manila • Mexico City Air Quality • Lima Urban Transport • Santiago Urban Transport

  11. Marikina Bikeways Project, Manila • Design and operate a system of bike trails and designated lanes for NMT • Use NMT to connect residential communities with schools, employment centers, the new metropolitan train station, and other public transport terminals • Avoid the “crowding-out” of NMT modes

  12. Transport Corridors in Mexico City • Modelled after successful experiences in other Latin American cities • Development of busway corridors that support metro-bus integration and improve the environmental performance, economic efficiency, and image of public transport

  13. Lima and Santiago Projects • Direct or indirect support for segregated busways • Bikeway promotion • Transport demand management measures • Transport and urban planning

  14. Summary of Emerging WB Priorities for OP11 • Cost-effective public transport • Non-motorized transport • Transport and Land-use Planning • Transport Demand Management • Other: regulations and standards; technology options. • Targeted research on transport and climate change

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