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Atlantic Revolutions Introduction

Atlantic Revolutions Introduction. American, French, Haitian, & Latin American = The Atlantic Revolutions. European absolutist and/or colonial governments were challenged by people who wanted greater democracy** Usually, a growing middle class of people were behind the call for change

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Atlantic Revolutions Introduction

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  1. Atlantic Revolutions Introduction American, French, Haitian, & Latin American = The Atlantic Revolutions

  2. European absolutist and/or colonial governments were challenged by people who wanted greater democracy** Usually, a growing middle class of people were behind the call for change Huge changes in social and political structures resulted (but most often the changes were NOT as revolutionary as we think they were!) All were inspired by Enlightenment thinkers All created important documents Declaration of Independence (USA) Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (France) Jamaica Letter (Simon Bolivar in Latin America) Common Themes

  3. Overall Causes: British colony Frustrated by mercantilist policies of the British gov’t (econ exploitation of colonies) Middle/Upper class wanted a voice in gov’t Helped by French military (b/c France hated Britain) End Results: Independent from Britain in 1783 Limited democracy with strong checks on the people’s power American Independence

  4. French Revolution • Overall Causes: • French gov’t bankrupt • middle class wanted a say in gov’t (Ancien Regime was viewed as unjust) & weak King Louis XVI • 2 Main Phases • Moderate Phase (Constitutional Monarchy) BUT France was invaded by foreign governments & a crazy “mob mentality” developed • Radical Phase (cut off King’s head, tried to implement full democracy) • End Results • Dictatorship under Napoleon Bonaparte (1799-1815) b/c France just wanted stability again!

  5. Haitian Revolution • Overall Causes • Most Haitians were slaves (more than 90% of the population) • The French Revolution occurred “back home” (Haiti was a French sugar colony) • While France was busy with foreign invasions and mob rule during the Radical Phase of their own revolution, slaves revolted in their colony • End Results • Independence from France in 1804 • Toussaint L’Ouverture (former slave) became dictator and set the precedent for corrupt & dictator-filled Haitian gov’t today

  6. Latin American • Overall Causes • Spanish & Portuguese colonies • Frustrated by mercantilist policies (econ exploitation) • Middle/Upper class wanted a voice in gov’t • Fought wars of liberation led by Creole generals Bolivar & San Martin • End Results • Independence • No single nation formed (as in USA) • Attempted democracy, but upper class creoles held onto power/wealth at expense of the poor

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