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The Cold War Turns Hot

This chapter reviews the critical events of the Cold War in Asia, highlighting the U.S.'s increasing involvement in the region. From the trade history with China and Japan to the governance of the Philippines, it discusses the implications of the Pearl Harbor attack and the rise of communism in China and Vietnam. The Korean War's beginnings, the role of U.N. forces, and the actions of General MacArthur underscore the complexities of U.S. military strategy. Furthermore, it covers the domestic impact of the Cold War, including the Red Scare and McCarthyism.

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The Cold War Turns Hot

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  1. The Cold War Turns Hot Chapter 27, Section 2

  2. Growing Interest in Asia • Events in Asia effected the U.S. in many ways • For 100 years American ship traded with China and Japan • 1899-1946 U.S. governed the Philippines • Attack on Pearl Harbor proved U.S. could not ignore events

  3. Growing Interest in Asia • Would communism spread to newly independent nations • Some communist rebels were fighting for independence in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian lands

  4. People’s Republic of China • 1940’s Chiang Kai-shek was the ruler of China • For years he had fought Chinese communists led by Mao Zedong • 1945 Mao’s forces occupied northern China • Chiang’s armies occupied the south

  5. People’s Republic of China • U.S. gave Chiang millions of dollars in aid • Chiang’s government was corrupt and he lost the support of his people

  6. People’s Republic of China • 1949 Communist won the battle for the Chinese mainland • Mao Zedong set up the People’s Republic of China • Chiang returned to Taiwan

  7. People’s Republic of China • Chinese communist did not always agree with the Soviet Union • However the two nations dominated almost ¼ of the earth’s surface • Americans worries communist forces would take over all of Asia

  8. Fighting in Korea • 1910 to 1945 Korea had been a Japanese colony • After WWII Korea was divided at the 38th parallel of latitude • North Korea was governed by communist supported in the Soviet Union • South Korea was a noncommunist government backed by the U.S.

  9. Fighting in Korea • 1950 North Korea soldiers crossed the 38th parallel into South Korea • Truman asked the U.N. to send armed forces to stop the invasion

  10. Setting up a UN force • Truman chose General Douglas MacArthur as general of the UN force • 80% of the UN forces were American

  11. A daring counterattack • MacArthur’s job was to push the North Koreans out of South Korea • UN forces were outnumbered • 1950 North Korean communists controlled almost all of South Korea

  12. A daring counterattack • MacArthur launched a counterattack • Landed by sea at Inchon, behind North Korean lines • Caught by surprise North Koreans were forces back across the 38th parallel

  13. Chinese invasion • Truman and his advisors wanted to punish North Koreans for their aggression • Also wanted to unite the two Koreans • UN approved MacArthur to cross into North Korea • When UN forces neared the Chinese border thousands of Chinese helped push UN troops back into South Korea

  14. Ending the War • MacArthur was convinces that the UN could win in Korea only if it attacked China • Truman worried an attack on China would start another World War • Truman wanted t limit the war and restore the boundary between North and South Korea

  15. Truman fires MacArthur • MacArthur complained publicly that politicians in Washington were holding him back • Truman fired the General • Many Americans were furious and gave MacArthur a hero’s welcome • Truman argued that constitutionally it is the President that is commander in chief and he had the power to make key decisions about war and peace

  16. Cease-fire • 1952 Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected President • He journeyed to Korea to get peace talks moving • 1953 signed a cease-fire agreement ending the war

  17. Cease-fire • 54,000 Americans lost their lives in the Korean War • 2 million Koreans and Chinese were killed

  18. Cease-fire • The Korean War changes nothing • It set the border between North and South Korea back around the 38th parallel • UN had pushed back North Korea’s invasion • US and their allies showed that they were ready to fight communist expansion

  19. Hunting Communists at Home • Cold War tensions fed fear of communism at home: Red Scar • US officials announced they detected radiation from a secret test of atomic weapons in the Soviet Union • US was no longer the only nation with an atomic bomb

  20. Hunting Communists at Home • 1946-1950 people in the US, Canada, and Britain were arrested as Soviet spies • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were executed for stealing secrets about nuclear weapons

  21. McCarthy’s reckless claim • Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin announced he has a list of 205 State Department employees who were Communist party members • His claim was never proven • Won him national attention

  22. McCarthy’s reckless claim • During the next four years he made more accusations about communist in the government • Little evidence of communist activity was found • McCarthy’s campaign sent fear and suspicion across the nation

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