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Overview of Common Respiratory Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

This guide covers various common respiratory disorders, including the common cold, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asthma, and emphysema. Each condition is discussed in terms of symptoms, contributing factors, and recommended treatments. Effective preventive measures, such as good handwashing, are emphasized. Key symptoms and management strategies are outlined to aid in understanding and addressing respiratory health issues.

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Overview of Common Respiratory Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

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  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OF COMMON RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

  2. COMMON COLD • Contagious viral, respiratory infection • Contributing factors – chilling, fatigue, poor nutrition, not enough sleep • Rx– stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit juice, good nutrition • GOOD HANDWASHING:best prevention

  3. PHARYNGITIS AND LARYNGITIS • Pharyngitis • Red, inflamed throat • Laryngitis • Inflammation of larynx • Symptoms – sore throat, hoarseness, loss of voice, difficulty swallowing

  4. BRONCHITIS • Inflammation of mucous membranes of trachea and bronchi • Symptoms– cough, fever, substernal pain and rales (raspy sound) • Chronic bronchitis – middle or old age, caused by cigarette smoking • Called “blue bloaters”: can’t get air in but can get air out

  5. INFLUENZA • Flu • Viral infection upper respiratory tract • Symptoms– fever, mucopurulent discharge, muscular pain, extreme exhaustion • Rx– symptomatic; treat the symptoms

  6. PNEUMONIA • Infection of lung • Caused by bacteria or virus • Alveoli fill with thick fluid • Symptoms– chest pain, fever, chills, dyspnea • Diagnosis– x-ray and listening to lungs (ausclutation) • Rx– oxygen and antibiotics

  7. TUBERCULOSIS • TB • Infectious bacterial lung disease • Tubercles (lesions) form in lungs • Symptoms– cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss, night sweats • Diagnosis– skin test (PPD), if positive, follow up with chest x-ray and sputum culture • Rx– antibiotics

  8. ASTHMA • Inflammatory airway obstruction • Caused by allergen or psychological stress • 5% of Americans have asthma • Symptoms – difficulty exhaling, dyspnea, wheezing, tightness in chest • Rx– antinflammatory drugs (i.e. steroids), inhaled bronchodilator

  9. EMPHYSEMA • Alveoli become distended, lose their elasticity, can’t rebound, may eventually rupture • Air becomes trapped in alveoli, can’t exhale, forced exhalation required • Called “pink puffers”: can get air in but not out • Dyspnea increases as disease progresses • Rx– alleviate symptoms, decrease exposure to respiratory irritants, prevent infections

  10. RELATED TERMS • Apnea: • __________________ • Dyspnea: • __________________ • Tachypnea: • __________________ • What does each mean? Clue –pnea means breathing/breath

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