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The End of WWII & The Atomic Age

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13 diapositives · 274 Views · Jul 10, 2014

This presentation explores the pivotal events that marked the conclusion of World War II and the emergence of the Atomic Age. It highlights key alliances formed during the Tehran Conference, the strategic invasion of Normandy (D-Day) on June 6, 1944, and the subsequent battles in Europe, including the Battle of the Bulge. The narrative follows the culmination of the European conflict with Germany's surrender and V-E Day. It also delves into the Pacific theater, the fierce battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, and the controversial decisions that led to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, culminating in Japan's surrender on V-J Day.

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  1. The End of WWII & The Atomic Age Mr. Ermer U.S. History Honors Miami Beach Senior High

  2. Allied Strategy • The Tehran Conference: FDR wants to meet with Stalin, the two meet with Churchill in Tehran, Iran • U.S. & U.K. will attack France, U.S.S.R. will attack also • Stalin promise to help U.S. against Japan, after Germany • Post-war international peace keeping organization • “D-Day”: Operation Overlord • Germans misjudge where invasion would come • Allies reinforce misconception by placing decoys • June 6, 1944: Invasion of Normandy • 7,000 ships (100,000+ soldiers) on five beaches • 4 of 5 went well, American Omaha Beach more difficult • Gen. Bradley leads forces, 2,500 dead, but victorious

  3. The Battle Continues • Past Normandy, battle continues in France • The Battle of the Bulge • Germans try one last effort to cut off Allied supplies/move • German lines bulge outwards by German border, surprise attack • General Eisenhower orders General Patton to the rescue • Weather prevents aircraft support, but then clears • German fuel supply interrupted, Americans break German lines • January 8, 1945 Germany pulls back

  4. Fall of the Third Reich • American and British forces liberate France • Soviet forces push toward Germany from the east • February 1945: Soviets are 35 miles outside Berlin • March 1945: American troops enter Germany • April 21: Soviets enter Berlin • April 30: Hitler commits suicide • May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders unconditionally • May 8, 1945: “V-E Day”—official end of European war

  5. War With Japan • April 12, 1945: FDR dies of stroke in GA • Vice-President Harry S Truman sworn in as president • Bombing of Tokyo had been unsuccessful • U.S. needed closer airfields to accurately bomb Tokyo: • Island of Iwo Jima is perfect location • One of the hardest fought battles in the pacific • “Uncommon valor was a common virtue”~ Admiral Nimitz • General Le May orders B-29s to “firebomb” • Napalm firebombs controversial b/c of civilian casualties

  6. War draws to a close… • Invasion of Okinawa • After firebombing, Japan not ready to surrender • Okinawa seen as perfect spot from which to ready invasion of the Japanese homeland • Japanese take defensive position in mountains • Japanese want surrender with conditions, U.S. refuses • No surrender with Hirohito remaining in power • Manhattan Project may offer way out of invasion • Szilard & Einstein petition FDR • FDR commissions study of atomic energy • Oppenheimer leads bomb team at Los Alamos, NM

  7. Hiroshima & Nagasaki • Truman faced with tough choice: • Use a new weapon with unknown effects, or • Invade Japan and lose countless American lives • Allies warn Japan of “prompt and utter destruction” • Japan does not reply to request for surrender • August 6, 1945: B-29 Enola Gay drops “Little Boy” atomic bomb on Japanese city of Hiroshima • August 9, 1945: “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki • Soviet Union joined war earlier the same day • Japan surrenders six days later—V-J Day

  8. Punishing The Enemy • U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R., & France form International Military Tribunal (IMT) to put Germans and Japanese leaders on trial for war crimes • Nuremberg Trials • 22 German leaders tried (3 freed, 7 imprisoned, 12 hanged) • In Japan, Emperor Hirohito allowed to remain in power • 18 Japanese imprisoned, 7 hanged • U.S. and U.K. hope to build a better world…