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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Environmental Considerations. H&H Considerations. Economic Analysis. Planning Orientation. Consensus Building. Planning Process. Plan Formulation. Environmental Considerations in Planning. Environmental Considerations Within CW Planning Process. globe.

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U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

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  1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Environmental Considerations H&H Considerations Economic Analysis Planning Orientation Consensus Building Planning Process Plan Formulation Environmental Considerations in Planning

  2. Environmental Considerations Within CW Planning Process globe INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING Chapter 1 Module 1 HOs 1 & 1a, 14, 14a

  3. Planners’ “Core” Curriculum • Eight recommended courses/workshops: • Introduction to Planning • Planner Orientation Workshop (086/404) • Planning Process Workshop (077/405) • Plan Formulation Workshop (406) • Economic Analysis (270/410) • Environmental Considerations (408) • Hydrologic & Hydraulic Considerations (057/409) • Public Involvement & Teaming (091/407) Adopted from the 2001 Civil Works Planning Capability Task Force Report

  4. COURSE OBJECTIVE To present the authorities, procedures, policies and methods of environmental analysis as they relate to the Corp’s Civil Works Mission.

  5. The Corps’ Role in Civil Works • Federal Interest • Origins of the Corps Civil Works • Scope of Corps Missions • Overarching Philosophy and the Regulatory Compliance Relationships • Environmental Operating Principles and Doctrine • Civil Works Process

  6. Federal Interest • Originates from the Constitution. • Federal government may participate in water and related land conservation, development and management. • Dictates why we are involved at the federal level.* • Congress has the power to tax and spend for the general welfare * It is not our intent to take over local responsibilities.

  7. Scope of Civil Works Mission • Navigation • Flood and Storm Damage Reduction • Ecosystem Restoration • Hydropower

  8. Origins of the Corps Civil Works Program • Navigation. • General Survey Act of 1824. • Authorized the surveys of road and canal routes and set the stage for navigation improvements. • Rivers and Harbor Act of 1899. • First legislation with an environmental impact.

  9. USS INTREPID NY Harbor Oct 2007 DEEP DRAFT NAVIGATION

  10. Origins of the Corps Civil Works Program • Hydropower • Colorado River Compact (1922) • Addressed allocation of water in the western states and the harnessing of the nation’s rivers to produce hydropower. • Corps projects represent 25% of the nation’s hydropower capacity • 100 billion KW/hr per year

  11. Origins of the Corps Civil Works Program • Flood and Storm Damage Reduction • Act of 1936 – “Watershed legislation” • Recognized flood damage reduction as a “proper activity of the Federal government” • Participation limited to where the benefits exceed the costs • First time use of “BCR” • Set economic policy!

  12. Oil rig blown 60 miles from original location by Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Damage 2005 - Gulf Coast

  13. Origins of Corps Civil Works Program • Water Resources Planning Act (WRPA) 1965 • Water Resources Council with mandate • Principles and Standards (P & S) for planning Federal water projects • Established two co-equal national objectives • National Economic Development (NED) • Environmental Quality (EQ) (1st formal recognition in the planning process) • Modified as P&G in 1983 with NED as the primary objective • WRDA 2007 will require additional changes in environmental and economic analyses.

  14. Origins of the Corps Civil Works Program • ER 1105-2-100 added the concept of a national ecosystem restoration (NER) objective in 2000. • Contributions to NER were to be made by seeking increases in the quantity and/or quality of desired ecosystem outputs.

  15. Legislative Base: National Environmental Policy Act 1969 • PURPOSE • “…to declare a national policy which will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment…” EOPs # 1, 2 & 3

  16. Other Contributing Legislation • Swamp Land Acts of 1850s • Rivers and Harbor Act 1899 • FWCA-equal consideration for wildlife 1934-58 • NEPA 1969 • R&H Act of 1970 Sections 122 & 216 • Marine Protection, Research & Sanctuaries Act 1972 • Coastal Zone Management Act 1972 • Water Pollution Control Act 1972 • ESA-conserve endangered species. 1973 • P&S and P&G 1973-1983 • Clean Air Act 1977-90 • Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act of 1990 • WRDA’s 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 1999, 2000 & 2007 • XOs 11990, 11991 • Executive office Initiatives

  17. What is Ecosystem Restoration ? • A return of a natural area or ecosystem to a close approximation of its condition prior to disturbance, or to a less degraded, more natural condition by restoring significant ecosystem functions, structures, and dynamic processes. • RAISES a Big QUESTION OF what is and how we address a SHIFTING BASELINE?

  18. Historic Flow Current Flow The Plan Flow “The 800-lb Gorilla” America’s Everglades are in Serious Peril

  19. Water / Sewer Treatment Mitigation Pollution Abatement It is NOT !!!

  20. Changes in Civil Works Planning • Environmental Operating Principles EC 1105-2-404 • Summary Report EC 1105-2-405 • Civil Works Review Board EC 1105-2-406 • Model Certification EC 1105-2-407 • Collaborative Planning EC 1105-2-409 • Peer Review (ATR & IEPR) EC 1165-2-209 Dec 2009 & EC 1105-2-410 Aug 2008 • Revision of Principles and Guidance-WRDA 2007

  21. EC 1105-2-404 May 2003Section 2031 WRDA 2007 • Evolving Environmental Planning Policy • EC 1105-2-404 promoted a: • Balance of economic and environmental benefits in a Combined Plan • Concept of environmental sustainability • Focus on Implementation of the EOP • Section 2031 WRDA2007 modifies current policy of promoting NED consistent with protecting EQ to: • Sustainable Economic Development • Avoidance of unwise use of floodplains and flood-prone areas • Protecting and restoring the environment

  22. Environmental Operating Principles On March 26, 2002 LTG Flowers issued the USACE Environmental Operating Principles that will encompass all USACE activities. //www.usace.army.mil/Environment/Pages/eop.aspx

  23. Environmental Operating Principles There are Seven Environmental Operation Principles • Strive to achieve Environmental Sustainability... • Recognize the interdependence of life and the physical environment… • Seek balance and synergy among human development and natural systems… http://www.usace.army.mil/Environment/Pages/eop.aspx

  24. Environmental Operating Principles • …accept corporate responsibility and accountability under the law… • Seek ways and means to assess and mitigate cumulative impacts… • Build and share an integrated knowledge base… • Respect the views of others...

  25. Planning Centers of Expertise David A. Weekly LRH (304) 399-5635 Eric W. Thaut SPD (415) 503-6852 Jodi Staebell MVD (309) 794-5448 Bernard E. Moseby SAM (251) 694-3884 Clarke I. Hemphill POA (907)753-5602 Brad Hudgens SWD (469) 487-7033 Lawrence J. Cocchieri NAD (718) 765-7071 Sub-Planning Center of Expertise For Small Boat Harbors https://kme.usace.army.mil/CoPs/CivilWorksPlanning-Policy/pcx/default.aspx WRDA 2007 Section 2033 FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING CENTER OF EXPERTISE

  26. Great Lakes and Ohio River Division Cost Engineering DX Northwestern Division Hydropower PCX North Atlantic Division Southwestern Division South Pacific Division South Atlantic Division Small Boat Harbors PCX Mississippi Valley Division Pacific Ocean Division Where are they? FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT PLANNING CENTER OF EXPERTISE

  27. What is their mission? The Centersenhance the Corps of Engineers’ planning capability and strengthen planner core competencies,by assisting district Project Delivery Teams through: • Technical services • Peer Review • Model certification • Training • Research & Development • Lessons Learned • Policy Development Support • Process Improvement

  28. How do I engage the ECO-PCX? • First and foremost, through joint development of a Review Plan (RP) • Keep RP up to date: Maintain communication with the PCX(s) • Lead PCX will coordinate with other PCXs and the Cost Engineering Directory of Expertise (NWW) as appropriate • Lead/Manager will be assigned as primary point of contact • Visit PCX web/sharepoint sites for latest information

  29. Environmental Considerations in Planning Follows a Process that delivers a product by way of a number Administrative Milestones

  30. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Conduct Reconnaissance Study Certify Reconnaissance Phase Initial Problem Identification Congressional Study Resolution/Authorization Initial Study Funding Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Negotiate PMP and FCSA Execute FCSA & Request Feasibility Funds Conduct Feasibility Study Complete Final RPT. for Coord. & Submission Step 10 Step 11 Step 12 Step 13 Step 14 Division Engineer's Transmittal Letter C W R B Policy Review Chief of Engineers Report Administration Review Project Authorization Step 15 Step 16 Step 17 Execute PED Agreement Draft PPA Review/Approval Conduct PED Step 18 Step 19 Step 21 Step 20 Project Construction Congress Appropriates Construction Funds Execute PPA OMRR&R Civil WorksProject Delivery Process

  31. Phases of CW Project Development(Idealized) • Reconnaissance Planning (1 yr) • Feasibility Planning (2-4 years) • (Authorization) • Preconstruction Engineering & Design – PED (2-3 years) (Planning has a role if there are changes) • Construction (3-5 yrs) • Real Estate Acquisition (part of construction) • Operations and Maintenance (continuous)

  32. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Initial Problem Identification Congressional Study Resolution/Authorization Initial Study Funding Civil WorksProject Delivery Process Pre-planning phase

  33. STEP 1 - Initial Problem Identification Lock / Dam Replacement - Inland Waterways System Salmon Mitigation Waterfront Development Environmental Infrastructure Needs Ecosystem Restoration Port / Harbor Deepenings Flooding Beach Erosion/Hurricane Protection Wetland Losses Ecosystem Restoration Water Supply Navigation • “High Priority” Missions: • Flood Damage Reduction • Commercial Navigation • Ecosystem Restoration Environmental Infrastructure Needs Letter to Corps District Sponsor Contacts Member of Congress

  34. 40 Districts / 8 MSC Needs Loaded OMB-ASA GUIDANCE ( FEB-MAR ) All Offices Develop Program Requirements ( Feb - May ) Budget Reviewed & Presented to SecArmy (Jun - Aug ) Funding Alloc. To Field Offices ( Oct - Dec ) BudgetCycle Budget Submitted to OMB ( Sep ) Cong. Hearings ( Mar - Apr ) OMB Passback ( Nov ) President Signs Approp. Bill ( Sep - Oct ) President’s Budget to Congress ( Feb ) Appropriations Bills ( Jul - Sep )

  35. KEY CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES AUTHORIZATION SENATE Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure and Public Safety HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resource Development Authorization Committees establish Legal Authority Authority may be for one or more years Authority may recommend funding levels (Not appropriation at this point) Authority to construct is not normally included

  36. KEY CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES APPROPRIATION SENATE Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Appropriation Committees provide Budget Authority Grant the Executive Branch authority to spend (obligate) money Provide All Funds Provide Partial Funds Provide No Funds

  37. Step 4 Step 5 Conduct Reconnaissance Study Certify Reconnaissance Phase Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Negotiate PMP and FCSA Execute FCSA & Request Feasibility Funds Conduct Feasibility Study Complete Final RPT. for Coord. & Submission Step 10 Division Engineer's Transmittal Letter Civil WorksProject Delivery Process Planning

  38. Purposes of Reconnaissance Study Step 5&6 1. Define water resources problems and identify potential solutions 2. Decide whether there is a Federal interest in continuing into feasibility studies 3. Identify a local sponsor 4. Most of the effort is to prepare a Project Management Plan Peer Review Plan Feasibility Cost Share Plan

  39. Feasibility Study Phase Steps 8 & 9 • The 6 step Process occurs here • Prepare a NEPA Document • Feasibility Report serves as a • Decision Documentto convince the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) • Authorization Documentwhen submitted to Congress for project authorization

  40. Step 12 Step 13 Step 14 Step 11 Project Authorization CWRB Policy Review Chief of Engineers Report Administration Review Civil WorksProject Delivery Process Washington Level Review

  41. Step 15 Step 16 Execute PED Agreement Conduct PED Civil WorksProject Delivery ProcessPost Authorization Pre-construction Engineering & Design Review documentation & update as Necessary Confirm commitments in ROD/FONSI/BOs etc.

  42. Step 17 Draft PPA Review/Approval Step 18 Step 19 Congress Appropriates Construction Funds Execute PPA Civil WorksProject Delivery Process Project Implementation Operation Maintenance Repair Replacement Rehabilitation Construction Step 20 Project Construction Step 21 OMRR&R • Confirm commitments in ROD/FONSI/BOs etc • Insure Monitoring and Adaptive Management flexibility is addressed in NEPA Documentation

  43. Funding by Business Program

  44. FY 09 Budget Priority Projects Columbia River Fish Mitigation Missouri River Fish & Wildlife Mitigation CSSC Upper Miss. R. Side Channel Restoration Hamilton Wetlands (Oakland Harbor) Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Navigation Environmental

  45. Constructed Ecosystem Restoration Projects Wolf River, TN Sonoma Baylands and Yolo Bypass, CA Lower Cape May Meadows, NJ Chesapeake Bay Oysters Anacostia River, DC & MD Rio Salado, AZ Lower Savannah River, GA Source: Doug Lamont, 2007, Bang for the Buck: A Look at Ecosystem Restoration Outputs from Completed Corps Project. Presentation at the 2nd National Conference on Ecosystem Restoration, Kansas City, MO 45

  46. 8 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 2 1 MA 6 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 4 RI 1 1 2 2 CT 1 3 1 NJ 3 1 4 2 1 6 2 1 1 1 1 1 MD 3 2 4 6 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 10 2 1 3 1 WRDA Section 204 Projects WRDA Section 206 Projects WRDA Section 1135 Projects #s Number of Project types per State Completed CAP Ecosystem RestorationProjects Source: Data developed by Justin Gardner and Dave Tazik, US Army Engineer R&D Center, Vicksburg, MS, April 2010

  47. Summary • The Corps has been in the civil works business for over 200 years. • Current trends point to a “greener Corps of Engineers.” • Corps planning doctrine is undergoing dramatic change! • Environmental Restoration receives a substantial portion of the annual budget with a significant national footprint.

  48. Remember, We are all in this together. QUESTIONS?

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