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Classification

Classification. Ch 18.1 and 18.3. Why Classify?. Organization We have IDed over 1.7 millions species What group has the most diversity? Systematics - the science of naming and grouping organisms Goal is to organize living things into groups (taxa) that have biological meaning.

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Classification

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  1. Classification Ch 18.1 and 18.3

  2. Why Classify? • Organization • We have IDed over 1.7 millions species • What group has the most diversity? • Systematics- the science of naming and grouping organisms • Goal is to organize living things into groups (taxa) that have biological meaning

  3. Why Classify? • Communication • Use a standard language- not common names but scientific ones = less confusing • Based on Latin and Greek • Developed by Linnaeus • Binomial Nomenclature- each species has a 2- part name • First part = Genus (capitalize 1st letter) • Second part = species (don’t capitalize first letter) • ALWAYS underlinded or in italics • Ex. Homo sapiens

  4. Linnaean Classification System • Originally 4 ranks but has expanded into 7 • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • How do you remember this? • Kings Play Chess On Fine Gold Squares • As you move down the classification: • Characteristics become more specific • Number of organisms in each level decreases

  5. Another way to think about it • Kingdom- continent • Phyla- country • Class- state • Order- city • Family- street • Genus- house number • Species- specific person

  6. For Humans • Kingdom:   Animalia • Phylum:   Chordata • Class:   Mammalia • Order:   Primates • Family:   Hominidae • Genus:   Homo • Species: Sapiens

  7. What is this classification based on? • Traditionally • Groups with visible similarities • Linnaeus was before Darwin so classification based largely on physical characteristics • Today • Also looking for evolutionary relationships • DNA- shared genes- makes trees more accurate

  8. Identification of Organisms • Use of a Dichotomous Key • Series of paired statement or questions with alternative characteristics • Each step leads to a smaller subset • Goal: Identify unknown organisms

  9. Intermission • Dichotomous Key Time!!

  10. The Kingdoms • The way we classify has changed over time- today 6 kingdoms • From 5 6 • Monera = bacteria • By the ‘90s realized that there were 2 distinct kinds

  11. The Domains • 2 Prokaryotic groups even more different than originally thought • Domains- larger more inclusive category than Kingdom • 3 domains • Bacteria (Kingdom: Bacteria) • Archea (Kingdom: Archaebacteria) • Eukarya (Kingdom: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista)

  12. Put this table in your notebook

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