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Planet Research Notes

Planet Research Notes. You will be researching a planet and presenting your information to the class Follow the format and general order that appears on your Planet Facts Grid. Terms to Use on Planet Research Grid. Distance from sun in both km and in a.u.’s

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Planet Research Notes

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  1. Planet Research Notes • You will be researching a planet and presenting your information to the class • Follow the format and general order that appears on your Planet Facts Grid

  2. Terms to Use on Planet Research Grid Distance from sun in both km and in a.u.’s 1 astronomical unit (a.u.) = the distance from sun to Earth = 149,600km ~mean distance is the avg. distance Gravity - the attractive force between ALL objects with mass; ~planet Earth is the most massive object around us, so its gravity is the most obvious Acceleration due to gravity (ag) is 9.8 m/s/s on Earth (~10m/s/s also seen as 10m/s2)

  3. Terms to Use on Planet Research Grid Relative Gravity – a way of expressing gravity of other planets in relation to earth where earth’s gravity equal 1 E.G. (earth gravity) ~include gravity in m/s2 AND in E.G.’s on planet grid ~More massive planets will have more gravity and higher acceleration of gravity ~For example: 3 E.G.’s is a gravitational acceleration of 29.4m/s/s (= 9.8 x 3) and .5 E.G.’s is a 4.9 m/s/s

  4. Terms to Use on Planet Research Grid Revolution – the path a planet takes in orbiting around sun ~include time to complete one orbit in earth years or months AND add orbital velocity (in km/s) ~all planets orbit counter-clockwise around the sun Rotation time – the time it takes a planet to spin once on its own orbit (like a top spinning) ~most planets rotate in counter-clockwise direction as well (to the east), except for 3 planets/dwarf planets (Venus, Uranus, and Pluto) with retrograde rotation (opposite the revolution direction)

  5. Where to start? • http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/ • http://www.planetfacts.net/ • http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm Remember to include websites in your Bibliography like this “Title(topic) of webpage”. Name of Sponsoring Organization. Date of last modification to published page. Site url www…

  6. Earth a model of how to prepare your presentations

  7. Origin of Name ·related to the old saxon ‘ertha’, the Dutch ‘aerde’, and German ‘erda’ all referring to ground or earth • the only planet not named after Roman gods and goddesses (and Uranus which is a Greek god)

  8. Distance from the Sun · 149,600,000 kilometers 1 a.u. Remember that 1 km = .62 miles

  9. Diameter in Kilometers 12,756 kilometers

  10. Revolution the amount of time it takes to rotate around the sun in Earth years or days • 365.25 days • Counter-Clockwise around Sun • Different light exposure on the tilt changes the seasons The earth revolves at a velocity of 29.8km/s around the sun

  11. Rotationthe amount of time in Earth days or hours to spin one rotation on its own axis (like a top spinning) • 23 hr 56 min to spin a complete 360° on its axis (sunrise to sunset)

  12. Temperature Range Range of -127°F to 136°F (-88°C to 58°C) Average overall temp 57.9 °F (14.4°C)

  13. Mass & Composition • 5.98 x 1024kg • Composed of dominantly iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, nickel, and sulfur

  14. Atmosphere • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% Argon and other gases • Also contains water vapor, CO2, dust particles, etc.

  15. If given in as 5520 kg/m3 just divide by 1000 to convert to 5.52 g/cm3 5520kg x 1000g x 1m3= 1m3 1kg 1,000,000cm3 = 5.52 g/cm3 Density \ \ \ \ Density = 5.52 g/cm³

  16. Gravity 9.8 m/s/s or 9.8 m/s2

  17. The Moon • The moon’s average distance from earth is 382,500 km • Radius is 27% of Earth’s radius • Mass = 8.10 x 1019 tons • 1/6 of Earth’s gravity with NO atmosphere • -280°F to 260°F (-173°C to 127°C) • No life whatsoever • Highlands called terrae (Latin for “lands”) make up the surface • The Moon is close enough to the Earth that it pulls the Earth’s tides, even though the Moon has a weak gravitational force.

  18. More Interesting Facts • Earth’s moon stabilizes our planet’s rotation, preventing massive changes in climate • The Moon’s gravity is what dictates the tides of our oceans • Plate Tectonics and water are linked, not only does PT enable liquid water to exist by regulating temp, but many scientists argue that water enables PT to happen • “The Earth is remarkable for its precisely tuned amount of water, not too much to cover the mountains, and not too little that it’s a dry desert, as are Mars and Venus, our “sister planets”.” -Geoffrey Marcy

  19. “Just Right” • The distance of our Sun helps keep our water liquid; any further away water would all freeze, yet any closer to the Sun and we would be too hot for life • Any smaller (less gravity) it wouldn’t be able to hold our atmosphere, so no breathing and no ozone protection from UV light • Any bigger, it could become a gas giant and its gravity would crush us • Our location inside the orbital path of huge gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn shield the Earth from flying space debris

  20. Oh-So Rare • We haven’t found a planet like ours • Of nearly 300 new worlds glimpsed elsewhere in the galaxy, most are “hot Jupiters” – large planets that orbit close to their stars, on which life and liquid water are unlikely to exist • “I doubt that in our galaxy typical stars have planets just like Earth around them. I’m sure there are lots of planets in the galaxy that are somewhat similar to Earth, but the idea that this is a typical planet is nonsensical.” -Don Brownlee

  21. Maybe the Earth is Not Unique? • As our planet-hunting technology improves, we’re hoping to find Earth’s twin • We can observe the gravitational wobble of stars and look for repeating star eclipses (when the planet comes between us and the star) to discover new planets • So far this search for life elsewhere has been unsuccessful, and may remain that way

  22. Questions? • What is the diameter of the Earth? • What is meant by gravity being 9.8 m/s/s? Describe the increasing velocity of an object falling toward Earth. • List some functions served by our moon. • Do you agree that our planet is not unique? (opinion question) • Describe what is meant by a distance of seven a.u.’s and a gravity of 2 E. G.’s.

  23. Bibliography “Planets”. Enchanted Learning Website. June 2008. www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth “Solar System”. Space Website. December 2007 www.space.com/scienceastronomy/080708-st-special-earth/ “Solar System Exploration” NASA. October 2009 www.nasa.gov/worldbook/moon_worldbook.html

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