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Discover the unique society of ancient Sparta, centered in Peloponnese, characterized by its mixed governmental system of monarchy, oligarchy, and early democracy. Sparta's harsh geography fostered a resilient culture where military training (Agoge) was crucial for all men. Helots worked the land, providing food largely consisting of grains, olives, and fish. Spartan women enjoyed more freedoms than in other Greek states, contributing to property ownership and family life. Sparta's legacy includes fierce military prowess and advancements in early democratic principles.
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Chris Orr Period 4 3,000 B.C.-362 B.C. Two Kings and a Council(Sparta)
Geography • Capital of the city state Lacedaemon • Located in the center of Peloponnese • Next to the river Evrotas • Sparta was in a mountainous area • There were hot and dry summers • Rain only fell in the winter
Food Source • The Helots farmed • They grew wheat barley and they made bread • Meat was ate seldom • Fish was eaten a lot • Figs, olives, and grapes were grown
Government • Had a mix of a monarchy and a oligarchy and a democracy later on • Two kings and there was a council • Two kings could not command the same fighting force • Kings were political leaders, they had veto power over the council (they could tell the council no)
Government • The Kings were also religious leaders as well • There were overseers that sometimes had power over the kings • The overseers managed a secret service • Sparta founded the first democracy ever, they had a democracy 50 year before Athens
Religion • Worshipped Greek Gods • They may have wore ceremonial masking for their transition of a child to a man • Artemis and Athena were the patron goddess of Sparta • Spartans held festivals, temple dedications, and ritualistic sacrifices
Daily Life • Men were encouraged to marry they could be publicly shamed if they did not • All Spartan men were soldiers until age 60 • The training boys went through was called Agoge, it started when they were 7 and ended when they 20
Architecture • Sparta based its architecture off the Dorians • There is very little Spartan architecture still standing • They used Doric pillars • Sparta was made up of small villages • A famous example of Spartan architecture is the temple of Artemis Orthia
Social Structure • Three classes • Spartans-full citizens • Helots-slaves • Periocei-Not citizens or slaves, made weapons for Spartans • Spartans could kill Helots for being too fit or too smart • Women could own property and they cooked, cleaned, and made clothes • Men’s possible occupations- solider • Women had more freedom and could own property
Writing • Wrote and spoke Greek • Spartan boys learned to write at age 14 • They wrote information on tablets
Technology • Made statute offerings out of lead and pored them in to molds • The Spartans were good making things out of ivory • Spartans used iron bars as currency • They also had some coins • Spartans spoke Greek
Technology • The Spartans primarily used spears and their famous spears • Sparta invented democracy
The Arts • In early times ivory from Sparta was high in demand • Spartans made beautiful pottery before all they had was military strength. • Spartans used to be renown for their music and dance
Legacy • Had a fierce-some army • The strict military training called Agoge • Fit men and women
Works Consulted • www.ancientgreece.com • http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210200/ancient_greece/daily_life.htm • www.plant-medicene.com • www.sparta.markoulakispublications.org • www.ancientmilitaryhistory.com
