1. Chapter 2: Antacids

2. Introductory Activity – Part 1 • Fill a film canister about half-full with room temperature water. Place about a quarter of a tablet of Alka-Seltzer ® in the canister and quickly push the top on. Stand back and observe. This is called an “Alka-Seltzer ® cannon.” • In your lab group, brainstorm all of the chemistry involved in this process. What chemistry would you need to learn about to understand what’s happening? Share your brainstorming with the class.

3. Introductory Activity – Part 2 • List everything you know about acids and bases. Where have you used them or come in contact with them in your life? Explain what you understand about antacids. Share your ideas with the class.

4. Antacids • This chapter will introduce the chemistry needed to understand how antacids work • Section 2.1: Types of Matter • Section 2.2: Naming Chemicals • Section 2.3: Writing Formulas • Section 2.4: Acids & Bases • Section 2.5: Characteristics of Acids & Bases • Section 2.6: Chemical Reactions • Section 2.7: Balancing Chemical Equations • Section 2.8: Speeding up Chemical Reactions

5. Are a Used in Of different Symbolized with Symbolized with Some are undergo Speed governed by Antacids Chemical Formulas Mixture Balanced Chemical Equations Compounds Chemical Reactions Acids & Bases Collision Theory

6. Intro—Antacids

7. Why do we need antacids? • Your body needs hydrochloric acid to digest food • Too much causes heartburn, ulcers and can damage your esophagus

8. Antacids versus Acid Inhibitors There are two types of medicines you can use Antacids Acid Inhibitors Neutralizes the acid currently in your system Controls the amount of acid your body produces Work quickly but your body will make more acid again Long-term solution, but needs to build up in your system to be most effective Alka-Seltzer ®, Rolaids ®, Tums ®, Malox ®, Mylanta ® Tagamat ®, Zantac ®, Pepcid AC ® Is it fair when a commercial compares the fast action of an antacid to an acid inhibitor that takes up to 7 days to build up?

9. Section 2.1—Types of Matter

10. Matter can be classified

11. Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space • Anything made from atoms • Examples: • Molecules • Cells • People • Air • Water

12. Pure Substances versus Mixtures Matter is classified as either a pure substance or a mixture Pure Substances Mixtures Every piece of matter is the same More than one type of matter mixed together

13. Elements versus Compounds Pure substances are either elements or compounds Elements Compound Every atom is the same type of atom More than one type of atom chemically bonded together. Every molecule is the same.

14. Elements Single Atom Cannot be separated by chemical or physical processes Element Pure substance Every atom is the same Elements can be found on the periodic table!

15. Compounds Single Molecule Made of more than one type of atom bonded together Compound Pure substance Every molecule is the same Can be separated by chemical reactions only

16. Mixtures Mixtures can be classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous Homogeneous (aka “solution”) Heterogeneous It looks the same throughout Different matter can be seen (chunks, bubbles, floaties, layers, etc.)

17. Mixtures >1 different type of matter Can be separated chemically or physically Mixture Not a pure substance Physical combination of more than 1 type of pure substance

18. Mixture possibilities • Mixtures can be any combination of solids, liquids and gases: • Solid-solid: Medicine tablet • Solid-gas: Pop Rocks candy • Solid-liquid: Ice water • Liquid-liquid: Lemon water • Gas-Liquid: Carbonated water • Gas-Gas: Air

19. True solutions, Colloids & Suspensions True Solution Colloid Suspension Particles don’t settle out and are too small to scatter light Particles don’t settle out but are large enough to scatter light Particles will settle out over time Dissolved Particle Size Increases

20. Particles Scattering Light • If the dissolved particles are large enough to scatter light, we say it exhibits the “Tyndall Effect” Solution Light passes through unchanged Colloids exhibit the Tyndall Effect Light is scattered by larger solute particles

21. Connect these concepts with Antacids • What type of matter do you think antacids are? • Pure substance (Element or compound) • Mixture (homogeneous or heterogeneous)

22. Connect these concepts with Antacids • Antacids are mixtures. • They contain active & inactive ingredients • What purposes could the inactive ingredients serve?

23. Connect these concepts with Antacids • Inactive ingredients might • Add enough volume to make the pill able to be handeled • Add color • Add flavor • Allow the tablet to be compressed and formed

24. Let’s Practice Example: Determine if each is element, compound, homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures Tin foil Copper pipe Concrete Carbon tetrachloride Sports drink

25. Let’s Practice Example: Determine if each is element, compound, homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures Tin foil Element Copper pipe Element Concrete Heterogeneous mix Carbon tetrachloride Compound Sports drink Homogenous mix