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A New Algorithm for DNA Sequence and Assembly

A New Algorithm for DNA Sequence and Assembly. Written by Idury and Waterman. Introduction. 1953: Modern history of molecular biology begins with Watson and Crick 1977: Modern era of “rapid” DNA sequencing begins Sanger’s dideoxy chain termination

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A New Algorithm for DNA Sequence and Assembly

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  1. A New Algorithm for DNA Sequence and Assembly Written by Idury and Waterman

  2. Introduction • 1953: Modern history of molecular biology begins with Watson and Crick • 1977: Modern era of “rapid” DNA sequencing begins • Sanger’s dideoxy chain termination • Maxam and Gilbert’s chemical degradation • 1986: DNA sequencing machines developed

  3. Shotgun Sequencing • Examines overlapping fragments and determines the encompassing DNA sequence through the overlaps

  4. Sequencing by Hybridization • Creates a sequencing chip, which is just a two-dimensional grid of all k-tuples, in which a k-tuple is a word of length k. • A sample of single-stranded DNA is labeled with radioactive or fluorescent material and fed into the sequencing chip • Each k-tuple in the sample will hybridize with its reverse complement in the sequencing chip • After removing the unhybridized DNA from the matrix, the hybridized k-tuples can be determined with the help of a device that detects the labeled DNA.

  5. Idury and Waterman Algorithm • From each fragment, all k-tuples are determined • Next, a directed graph is built based on the k-tuples. • The graph has a vertex set V containing (k-1) tuples and edge set containing the k-tuples. • A (k-1)-tuple a is joined by a directed edge to another (k-1) tuple b if there exists a k-tuple whose first (k-1)-tuple is a and second (k-1)-tuple is b. • Finally, we perform Eulerian tours on the constructed graph to determine possibly encompassing sequences. • An Eulerian path visits every edge in the graph exactly once. • If there are multiple Eulerian paths, there are multiple possible sequences.

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