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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. Purpose of the respiratory system. To provide a constant supply of oxygen to keep your body cells functioning To remove carbon dioxide from the body cells. http://www.bbc.co.uk. Organs of the respiratory system. Trachea Bronchus (bronchi) Bronchioles Alveoli

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System

  2. Purpose of the respiratory system • To provide a constant supply of oxygen to keep your body cells functioning • To remove carbon dioxide from the body cells

  3. http://www.bbc.co.uk

  4. Organs of the respiratory system • Trachea • Bronchus (bronchi) • Bronchioles • Alveoli • Pleura • Diaphragm • Nose / mouth • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Epiglottis • Larynx • Trachea Lungs

  5. Mouth & Nose • Brings air into the body • Nasal hairs in nostrils trap dust

  6. Nasal cavity • Warms & moistens air • Glands that produce sticky mucus line the nasal cavity • traps dust, pollen, and other materials that were not trapped by nasal hairs • cilia sweep mucus and trapped material to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed

  7. Pharynx • Tube-like passageway used by food, liquid, and air • At the lower end of the pharynx is a flap of tissue called the epiglottis • covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does not enter the lungs

  8. Larynx • “Voice box” • The airway to which two pairs of horizontal folds of tissue, called vocal cords, are attached

  9. Trachea • Air-conducting tube • Connects the larynx with the bronchi • Lined with mucous membranes and cilia • Contains strong cartilage rings

  10. Bronchi • Two short tubes that branch off the lower end of the trachea • Carry air into the lungs. • Singular - bronchus

  11. Bronchioles • Tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs • Connect bronchi to alveoli

  12. Alveoli • Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the end of each bronchiole • Surrounded by capillaries • Where carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange take place • Singular - alveolus

  13. Gas Exchange Between Blood and Alveoli

  14. http://mhln.com

  15. Pleura • Membrane lining the lungs and chest cavity

  16. Diaphragm • Muscle wall between the chest and the abdomen that the body uses for breathing

  17. http://mhln.com

  18. Relationship to digestive system • Cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen to release energy to thebody • C6H12O6  +  6O2  6CO2  +  6 H2O  +  Energy • Oxygen is provided by the respiratory system • Glucose is provided by the digestive system • (glucose is made during photosynthesis)

  19. Upper Respiratory

  20. Lower Respiratory

  21. Regulation of Breathing

  22. Lung Capacity

  23. Breathing • Inspiration/Expiration: air in/air out • Cycle: • Relaxed state: diaphragm and intercostal muscles relaxed • Inspiration: diaphragm contracts, pulling muscle down, intercostal muscles contract elevating chest wall and expanding volume of chest, lowering pressure in lungs, pulling in air • Expiration: muscles relax, diaphragm resumes dome shape, intercostal muscles allow chest to lower resulting in increase of pressure in chest and expulsion of air

  24. Lung Function • Lung volumes and vital capacity • Tidal volume: volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a single breath • Dead space volume: the air that remains in the airways and does not participate in gas exchange • Vital capacity: the maximal volume that can be exhaled after maximal inhalation • Inspiratory reserve volume: the amount of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume

  25. Lung Function • Lung volumes and vital capacity (continued) • Expiratory reserve volume: the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond the tidal volume • Residual volume: the amount of air remaining in the lungs, even after a forceful maximal expiration • Measurement: spirometer

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