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Monitoring the Urban Quality of Life in Latin America: An Introduction

Monitoring the Urban Quality of Life in Latin America: An Introduction. Eduardo Lora Research Department Inter-American Development Bank October, 2008. The Concept of QoL. Living conditions (e.g. basic needs) Capabilities (e.g. UNDP human development Index)

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Monitoring the Urban Quality of Life in Latin America: An Introduction

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  1. Monitoring the Urban Quality of Life in Latin America:An Introduction Eduardo Lora Research Department Inter-American Development Bank October, 2008

  2. The Concept of QoL • Living conditions (e.g. basic needs) • Capabilities (e.g. UNDP human development Index) • “Livability” of the environment (e.g. income per capita and growth) • Life appreciation and happiness • …all these are interconnected

  3. Beyond Facts:Understanding Quality of Life SETTING THE STAGE • Quality of Lifethrough a New Lens • TheReality of Perceptions • TheConflictiveRelationshipbetweenSatisfaction and Income • SatisfactionbeyondIncome FACTS AND PERCEPTIONS IN ACTION • Getting a Pulse onHealthQuality • LearningaboutEducationalQuality and Perceptions • RethinkingConventionalWisdomon Job Quality • BuildingQualityCities: More thanBricks and Mortar THE CURTAIN CALL • MakingPoliticalSense of Quality of LifePerceptions

  4. New Sources of Information on QoL • General: the Gallup World Poll • Annual since 2006 • 130 countries, 22 from LAC • ~1000 individuals by country • over 100 QoL-related questions • Urban: pilot surveys in 8 cities • Argentina: Buenos Aires • Bolivia: La Paz, Santa Cruz • Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín • Costa Rica: San José • Peru: Lima • Uruguay: Montevideo

  5. Understanding QoL perceptions • Not a directreflection of reality • Not a substituteforobjective data • Veryinfluencedbyculture • Country rankings don´ttellmuch

  6. Perceptions are not a direct reflection of “reality” Source: Authors' calculations based on Gallup (2006 and 2007), World Bank (2007) and UNDP (2008). Countries are the unit of observation. Public services are water, electricity and landline phone service. Ownership rates only available for Sub-saharian Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.

  7. Perceptions are not a direct reflection of “reality” Source: Author’s calculations based on Gallup (2006 and 2007)

  8. Perceptions of Own Housing and of Own City Source: Author’s calculations based on Gallup (2006 and 2007)

  9. Cultural biases and satisfaction with own city

  10. Understanding QoL perceptions • Not a direct reflection of reality • Not a substitute of objective data • Very influenced by culture • Country rankings don´t tell much • Subject to self-serving biases • Public and private domains not directly comparable • Limited by information, aspirations • Not a good yardstick of the quality of policies • Maximizing “happiness” not a good policy objective

  11. Two examples of self-serving biases: housing and job satisfaction Source: Author’s calculations based on Gallup (2006 and 2007)

  12. The role of information and aspirations: satisfaction with education

  13. Understanding QoL perceptions • However… • Answers do reflect how people feel • Richness of information at individual level • Hosts of things matter • Own´s income and others´income • And many things beyond income • Some things matter more than others • Helps understand market and politicial attitudes.

  14. The richer, the more satisfiedwith their homes and cities

  15. The relationship among satisfaction, own income and income of others *** * *** * *** *** ** *** ** …but the richer those around you, the lower the satisfaction with the material aspects of life

  16. Satisfaction beyond income

  17. Housing satisfaction:Water, phone and title deeds matter Source – IDB, Beyond Facts: Understanding Quality of Life. Chapter 8.

  18. Services coverage is high, though far from universal Source: Cristini and Moya (2008) based on SEDLAC.

  19. And home ownership is pretty high, even for the poor…

  20. But many poor families lack title deeds

  21. Percentage of persons with the following perception… Do not feel safe walking alone Gangs in the city Not satisfied with sidewalks quality Not satisfied with city parks Not satisfied with public transport Drug traffic in the city Not satisfied with education services Not satisfied with housing availability Not satisfied with health services Not satisfied with roads Not satisfied with air quality Not satisfied with water quality Not satisfied with traffic 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 How Latin Americans judge their cities Source – IDB, Beyond Facts: Understanding Quality of Life. Chapter 8.

  22. Percentage of People who Feel Unsafe Walking Alone at Night Latin America and The Caribbean Brazil Chile Argentina Bolivia Paraguay Ecuador Venezuela Dominican Republic El Salvador Uruguay Costa Rica Guatemala Nicaragua Peru Colombia Honduras Panama Mexico 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 Percentage Source: Gallup (2007). The most serious concern: security Western Europe Sub-Sah Africa East Asia

  23. Impact of the following perceptions on the satisfaction with the city Do not feel safe walking alone Gangs in the city Not satisfied with sidewalks quality Not satisfied with city parks Not satisfied with public transport Drug traffic in the city Not satisfied with education services Not satisfied with housing availability Not satisfied with health services Not satisfied with roads Not satisfied with air quality Not satisfied with water quality Not satisfied with traffic 0.00 0.04 0.08 How important each of these things is for their satisfaction with the city Source – IDB, Beyond Facts: Understanding Quality of Life. Chapter 8.

  24. Total impact of the following problems Do not feel safe walking alone Gangs in the city Not satisfied with sidewalks quality Not satisfied with city parks Not satisfied with public transport Drug traffic in the city Not satisfied with education services Not satisfied with housing availability Not satisfied with health services Not satisfied with roads Not satisfied with air quality Not satisfied with water quality Not satisfied with traffic 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 A ranking of city problems(combining dissatisfaction and importance) Source – IDB, Beyond Facts: Understanding Quality of Life. Chapter 8.

  25. What comes next • A more rigorous explanation of the theory and the methods: Bernard Van Praag • A detailed example, Buenos Aires: Guillermo Cruces • A summary of the city cases: Andrew Powell • Can this be useful? Enrique Peñalosa • Panel debate and conclusions

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