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Understanding the Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Explore the complexities of the circulatory and respiratory systems, from the anatomy of the heart to the process of respiration. Learn about blood pressure, blood vessels, and blood types. Understand how the lungs function and the vital capacity of the respiratory system during inhalation and exhalation. Discover the impact of exercise on these systems.

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Understanding the Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

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  1. Ch. 47 – Circulatory System • Draw the heart • SA node  top (pacemaker) • AV node  bottom pg. 995 • Blood Pressure • Systole  top reading • Diastole  bottom reading • 120/80 pg.996

  2. Heart pg.994 • Located under the sternum; about the size of a fist. • Averages 72 beats/min • Pumps 5.5 L of blood per minute. • Protect with a sac-like membrane around it called the pericardium. • Divided into right & left sides by a septum.

  3. Causes of heart rate increase • 1. Carbon dioxide • 2. Increase in temperature • 3. Hormones • 4. Brain reflex (scared)

  4. Blood Vessels • Artery, vein, capillaries pg. 991 • Muscles in the vessels • 1. Connective • 2. Smooth • 3. Endothelium • Why is the artery thicker than the vein?

  5. What is the largest blood vessel? • Aorta, Why? • Arteriesarteriolescapillariesvenulesveins • Vercose veins – close to the skin’s surface • Can cut or strip these out.

  6. Pulmonary Artery – only artery to carry Deoxygenated blood. • Pulmonary Vein – only vein to carry oxygenated blood.

  7. 3 subsystems of circulation • 1. Coronary Circulation • Heart • 2. Renal Circulation • Kidney • 3. Hepatic portal Circulation • liver

  8. Blood • Liquid tissue – 9% body weight • Average person has 5 Liters. • 1. Plasma – liquid portion • 55% of the blood volume • Sticky, straw-colored liquid • 90% water

  9. 2. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) pg. 988 • Formed in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. • Flat disks with 2 concave surfaces. They help transport oxygen. • Hemoglobin is a protein that forms with RBCs • Molecule inside RBCs that transports oxygen.

  10. There are about 30 trillion RBCs in the human body at once. They live for only about 130 days. About 2 million RBCs are regenerated every second.

  11. 3. White Blood Cells • Ameboid movement • Help defend the body against diseases. • Larger than RBCs • They are phagocytes (engulf) • WBCs carry antibodies that destroy foreign substances (colds & infections)

  12. 4. Platelets or throbocytes • Start blood clotting process • Live 7 to 11 days • Serum doesn’t have clotting properties.

  13. Blood Types – pg. 990 • Antigens  A,B,AB,O • A  antigen [A] , antibody [B] • B  antigen [B], antibody [A] • AB  antigen [A & B] , no antibody • O  no antigen, antibody [A & B]

  14. Genotype • A  Ia Ia & IaIo • B  IbIb & IbIo • AB  IaIb • O  IoIo • Universal receiver • AB • Universal donor • O

  15. Rh Factor – pg. 991 • Protein found in the blood, it’s a blood antigen. Named after the Rhesus monkey. • 85% U.S. population positive • 15% U.S. population negative • Can’t mix or it will agglutinate.

  16. Respiratory System • Passage: - pg. 983 • Nostrils, nasal passage, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchi tubes, air sacs (alveoli) • What is the process of taking air into the lungs? • Inhale • What the process of letting air out? • Exhale

  17. Your lungs holds about 6 L of oxygen  Total Lung Capacity • You normally inhale about .5 L of oxygen. • The maximum amount of air a person can inhale & exhale is 3500-ml  Vital Lung Capacity

  18. The air you breathe in & out just sitting is 500-ml  Tidal Air • The air you breathe in & then in some more is 1500-ml  Complemental Air • The air you breath out & then out some more is 1500-ml  Supplemental Air

  19. The air that stays in your lungs is 1000-ml  Residual Air • Respiration rate is the measurement of the # of times a person inhales & exhales in a minute. • Men  15 –16 • Women & children  20

  20. Exercise – pg. 984 - 985

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