DEFENSE Integumentary , Immune and Lymphatic Systems

1. DEFENSE Integumentary, Immune and Lymphatic Systems

2. DEFENSE How do the integumentary, immune and lymphatic systems work together to defend the body? These systems work together to keep _______________ out of the body and to ____________ any that make it in. pathogens attack

3. Functions of the Integumentary System protective • Acts as a __________ barrier for internal organs and tissues. • Prevents __________ like bacteria and viruses from entering the body. • Helps to regulate the body’s ____________ by sweating or forming “goose bumps”. pathogens temperature

4. Regulating Temperature Homeostasis Skin and hair also help the body _______ heat when it is cold. When you sweat, your body places __________ onto the surface of your skin. Water can absorb large amounts of ______ before it evaporates. Because the water absorbs the heat then carries it away, your body can keep itself from ____________. saltwater heat overheating Skin and hair also help the body _______ heat when it is cold. retain

5. Functions of the Integumentary System vitamin D • Makes __________ when exposed to UV light. (Fat-soluble vitamin that promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus.) 5. Prevents the body from becoming ___________ due to excess water loss. 6. Aids in _________________, like urea and salts. 7. Acts as a ______________by detecting heat, cold, pressure, and pain dehydrated excretion of waste sensory organ

6. Evolutionary Trends The different phyla of animals have very ___________ structures that are a part of their integumentary systems which allow them to ____________ to their environments. unique adapt

7. Evolutionary Trends of Integumentary System Complex Simple

8. Integumentary System in Mammals The main organ of the integumentary system is the _____. skin It contains three layers known as the________, ______, and the ____________, which is the underlying layer of ______ for insulation. epidermis dermis subcutaneous fat

9. MAMMALS • 2. Dermis • thickest layer • contains blood vessels, muscles, nerves, hair follicles, _______ glands and subaceous (_____) glands 1. Epidermis outer layer approximately 10-30 cells thick covered in __________ Hair and nailsprotude from this layer contains melanin pigment that gives skin its color pores sweat oil

10. Epidermis • Outer layer of skin • Does not contain blood vessels • Contains two layers • Outside of the epidermis is made up of dead cells and comes into contact with the environment. • Inner layer is made up of living cells and undergo rapid cell division, producing new cells that push older cells to the surface of the skin (shed once every 4-5 weeks) • Keratin – tough protein made here that eventually forms the waterproof covering for your skin. • Contain melanocytes, which produce melanin. • Melanin is a dark brown pigment that helps protect the skin from damage by absorbing UV rays from the sun. • Differences in skin color are caused by the different amounts of melanin the melanocytes produce. • NO BLOOD VESSELS here, therefore when you slightly scratch your arm it doesn’t bleed!

11. Dermis • Inner layer of the skin • Located between the epidermis and the hypodermis. • Contains: • Collagen fibers • Blood vessels • Nerve endings • Glands • Sweat glands – body perspires when too hot • Oil glands (sebaceous) – produces oily secretion (sebum) to keep skin flexible and waterproof • Sensory receptors • Smooth muscles • Hair follicles

12. Integumentary SystemLevels of Organization Epithelial Epidermis, Dermis Skin Integumentary

13. Fun Fact: Believe it or not, the integumentary system is the ________ organ system and your _____ is the largest organ in your body. largest skin

14. Interaction with Other Body Systems • Skin is the first line of defense in the immune system response. • The circulatory system and skin regulate body temperature. • Skin and the excretory systemexcrete water, urea, salts, and other wastes through sweat. • Receptors of the nervous systemare located in skin.

15. Immune System: The main function of the immune system is to fight off ___________. This is the job of the ________ blood cells and the ___________ they create. infections white antibodies

16. Immune System: White blood cell travels throughout the body through the ___________ system. This allows them to be ___________ to every part of the body. circulatory distributed

17. Types of White Blood Cells: Macrophages ______________ - These cells kill bacteria by __________ them (process known as _____________). This means that they pull the pathogen inside of themselves where the pathogen is trapped and __________ by proteins called __________. These cells are made in bone marrow. ________ - These cells make ___________ to fight inside body fluids. Memory B cells are also responsible for “remembering” a specific bacteria or virus. This causes your body to be __________ to them in the future. B cells engulfing antibodies phagocytosis digested enzymes immune

18. Antibodies are an important part of the immune system. Once they attach to an _________(substance that triggers immune response), they can prevent further infection and signal the ______ and _______ to destroy the toxic invaders. antigen spleen liver

19. Immune Response • When a pathogen invades the body, its antigens are recognized by a small fraction of the body’s B cells…these cells then release antibodies. • Antibodies - Proteins that recognize and bind to antigens. • Carried in the bloodstream • As the antibodies overcome the infection, the plasma cells die out and stop producing antibodies.

20. Types of White Blood Cells: T Cells _________ - These white blood cells actually attack inside the body’s cells which contain ________ or _________. They also target and destroy ________ cells which are the root of all cancers. viruses bacteria tumor

21. Penicillin and other ___________ can also be used to help the immune system, but it is important that you understand that antibiotics only kill _________! antibiotics bacteria They will NOT help if you are sick with a _____ because viruses are not cells! virus

22. H.I.V. Human Immunodeficiency Virus A.I.D.S. H.I.V. is the virus that causes __________, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It attacks a special T cell known as a __________ cell. Helper T

23. Evolutionary Trends of Lymph & Immune Systems Complex Simple

24. The lymphatic systemremoves fluid from around cells and filters out pathogens. When this fluid passes through the _____________, white blood cells attack and kill any pathogens. lymph nodes

25. When bacteria and other pathogens travel through the lymph nodes, they are attacked by white blood cells. This causes the lymph nodes to ______. This is why doctors feel the lymph nodes in your neck and abdomen when you are sick. If these are swollen, it is a sign that you have an infection in that area. swell

26. Lymph & Immune SystemLevels of Organization White Blood Cells, B-cells, T-cells, macrophages Lymph nodes, bone marrow Spleen, Liver Lymph and Immune

27. Interactions with other Body Systems • Skin of the integumentary system is the first line of defense of the immune system. • The circulatory system transports immune cells around the body. It also helps control body fluids with the lymphatic system. • The excretory systemexcretes excess fluids and pathogens. • Bones of the skeletal system produce lymphocytes and macrophages.